乌鲁木齐河流域景观空间格局与水资源关系研究  

The landscape spatial pattern analysis of Urumqi River,China

作　　者：汪琪华[1] 施维林[2] 王兮之[3] 李自珍[3] 王刚[4] 叶佰生[2] 焦克勤[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省博物馆,甘肃兰州730050 [2]绍兴文理学院理学院生物系,浙江绍兴312000 [3]兰州大学干旱农业生态国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所天山冰川观测开放试验站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2002年第5期76-81,共6页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新 (2 2 0 0 17);中国科学院创新 (KZCX2 - 30 1)资助项目

摘　　要：流域景观的研究是景观生态学特别是水文生态学研究的一个非常重要的方面 .流域景观的空间结构与河流的地理结构及形成具有密切的关系 ,在其中下游则明显受到人类高度调节和强化了的人类活动的影响 ,其格局带有明显的人为作用 .将乌鲁木齐河流域景观分为 2 0个景观类型 ,对流域景观生态空间格局的基本特点、景观嵌块体类型及人类活动和自然的关系进行分析 ;研究表明 ,景观中植被的丰富与降水呈正相关 .随着人类活动的加剧 ,景观多样性加大 ,均匀性、破碎度值较大 ;人为活动已改变了流域下游局地的景观特性 ,人类对流域景观的利用与管理结果是水分过度利用、荒漠化加剧 .流域景观研究中应注重景观效益与水资源的合理利用、景观生态风险 。The study of river basin landscape is one of very important aspects in ecology, especially in hydrological ecology.The spatial pattern of river basin is related to its geographical constitution and formation,and is obviously affected by anthropogenic activity in the midstream and downstream.The impact of human activity on landscape pattern has been a very important field of landscape ecology.In this article,the landscape is classified into 20 types and the relationship between the richness of vagetation and precipitation are discussed.The richness of vegetation has positive correlation to the precipitation.In the midstream and downstream,with the strengthening of human activity,the landscape has become more fragmented;the diversity,evenness and separating degree of landscape are getting larger;landscape construction has been changed partly,and ecological worsening has been inhibited in certain sense.But desertification is threatening the natural landscape and challenging human efforts. The conclusion is that human activity has a strong impact on the landscape structure.Finally,we emphasized the study of ecological risks and the construction of a dynamic monitoring system of river basinlandscape.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐河 流域景观 空间格局 景观分类 水资源 景观生态学 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]