播期与种植密度对冬小麦新品种衡麦26产量及其构成因素的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Yield and Its Components of Winter Wheat New Cultivar Hengmai 26

作　　者：孟祥海[1] 乔文臣[1] 赵明辉[1] 李丁[1] 孙书娈[1] 李强[1] 鲁关立 MENG Xiang-hai;QIAO Wen-chen;ZHAO Ming-hui;LI Ding;SUN Shu-luan;LI Qiang;LU Guan-li(Dryland Farming Institute,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Drought Tolerance Research of Hebei Province,Hengshui 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北省农作物抗旱研究重点实验室,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2020年第5期24-28,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300407);河北省重点研发计划项目(19226322D);国家小麦产业技术体系衡水综合试验站建设项目(CARS-3-2-3);河北省创新工程项目(2019-4-1A-3)。

摘　　要：为明确冬小麦新品种衡麦26的丰产高效栽培技术,实现良种良法配套,同时也为生产提供科学的理论依据,采用裂区试验设计,主处理播期设10月4日、10月9日、10月14日、10月19日、10月24日共5个水平,副处理种植密度(基本苗数量)设150万、225万、300万、375万和450万株/hm^2共6个水平,研究了不同播期与种植密度对该品种产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:播期对衡麦26穗粒数影响不大,对有效穗数和千粒重影响显著,表现为随着播期推迟,小麦有效穗数降低,千粒重提高。10月9日播种的小麦产量最高;此后随着播期推迟,产量下降,播期推迟至24日,由于穗粒数和千粒重的补偿效应增加,小麦产量有所提高。除基本苗150万株/hm^2处理的产量显著降低外,其他种植密度处理的产量差异均不显著,然而,随着种植密度的增大,小麦有效穗数虽然逐渐增多,但穗粒数和千粒重呈降低趋势。衡麦26产量构成三因素协调、丰产潜力较大,晚播有利于千粒重的提高,低密度有利于穗粒数的增加。衡麦26产量(Y)与播期(X1)和种植密度(X2)的回归方程为Y=449.033966+0.6587600000X1+10.398165714X2-0.05560571429X1^2-0.23081714286X2^2。综合分析认为,衡麦26的适宜播期为10月9~19日,适宜种植密度为基本苗数量225万~450万株/hm^2,最佳密度为基本苗300万~375万株/hm^2。In order to clarify the high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology of the new winter wheat cultivar Hengmai 26,realize the good variety and good method matching,and provide scientific theoretical basis for production,using split-plot design,the main treatment of sowing date included October 4 th,October 9 th,October 14 th,October 19 th and October 24 th,the subsidiary treatment of planting density included 1.50 million,2.25 million,3.00 million,3.75 million and 4.50 million plants/hm^2,and the effects of different sowing dates and planting densities on the yield and its components were studied.The results showed that sowing date ha d little influence on the grain number per ear,while it had significant influence on the effective ear number and 1000 grains weight.With the delay of sowing date,the effective ear number decreased and1000 grains weight increased.When the sowing date was on October 9 th,the yield was the highest,thereafter the yield decreased with the delay of sowing date.When the sowing date was on October24 th,the yield increased due to the increase of the compensation effect of grain number per ear and1000 grains weight.The yield with the basic seedlings of 1.50 million plants/hm^2 decreased significantly,while that with the other planting densities had no significant differences.With the increase of plant density,the effective ear number increased,while the grain number per ear decreased,and the 1000 grains weight decreased.The yield components of Hengmai 26 were coordinated,and the yield potential was high.Late sowing was beneficial to the increase of 1000 grains weight,and low density was beneficial to the increase of grain number per ear.The regression equation with yield(Y),sowing date(X1)and planting density(X2)and of Hengmai 26 is Y=449.033966+0.6587600000 X1+10.398165714 X2-0.05560571429 X1^2-0.23081714286 X2^2.By comprehensive analysis,the suitable sowing date is on October 9 th-19 th,the suitable planting density is2.25-4.50 million plants/hm^2,and the best density is 3.00-3.75

关 键 词：冬小麦 衡麦26 播期 种植密度 产量 产量构成因素 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]