不同M系矮化中间砧对烟富3树体生长光合特性以及产量和品质的影响  

Different M Series of Dwarfing Interstocks on Growth,Photosynthesis,Yield and Quality of Yanfu 3 Apple

作　　者：陈汝[1] 薛晓敏[1] 刘全全 徐志芳[3] 高兴永 王金政[1] CHEN Ru;XUE Xiao-min;LIU Quan-quan;XU Zhi-fang;GAO Xing-yong;WANG Jin-zheng(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271000,China;Dongying Natural Resources Bureau,Dongying 257091,China;Yiyuan County Fruit Production and Marketing Service Center,Yiyuan 256103,China;Zhuge Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Yishui County,Yishui 276422,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]东营市自然资源局,山东东营257091 [3]沂源县果品产销服务中心,山东沂源256103 [4]沂水县诸葛镇农业综合服务中心,山东沂水276422

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2020年第5期46-50,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100;2017YFD0701400);国家自然科学基金项目(31600021);国家现代苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-27);山东省重点研发计划项目(2017CXGC0210);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2017D01)。

摘　　要：为筛选苹果适宜的砧穗组合并推广应用,分别利用矮化中间砧M9、M26和MM10嫁接烟富3苹果,研究了不同M系矮化中间砧对烟富3树体生长、光合特性以及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:随着树龄的增长,不同砧穗组合的树干粗度和总枝量均逐年增加,其中烟富3/MM106的树干粗度最大、树体总枝量最多,烟富3/M9的树干粗度最小、总枝量最少;不同中间砧的树体枝类组成逐年变化规律基本一致,均表现为栽植后的前3 a内长枝比例不断减少、短枝比例不断增加,之后枝类组成趋于稳定,其中烟富3/M9的短枝比例最高(66.6%)、长枝比例最低(10.4%);不同砧穗组合中,烟富3/M9的叶片SPAD值和净光合速率均最高;各砧穗组合均在栽植3 a后进入初果期、栽植6 a后进入稳产期,其中烟富3/M9的产量最高,且单果重、果形指数和可溶性固形物含量也均最大。烟富3/M9在树体生长、光合特性以及果实产量和品质方面综合表现较优。In order to screen out the suitable rootstock-scion combinations and promote their application,Yanfu 3 apple was grafted on the dwarfing interstocks M9,M26 and MM10,respectively,and the effects of different M series dwarfing interstocks on the growth,photosynthesis,yield and quality of Yanfu 3 were studied.The results showed that with the increase of apple trees age,the trunk thickness and total branches of different rootstock combinations increased year by year.Among them,Yanfu 3/MM106 had the largest tree thickness and the largest total tree branches,while Yanfu 3/M9 had the smallest tree thickness and the lowest total tree branches.The branches composition of different intermediate rootstocks had basically the same change year to year,and which all showed that the proportion of long branches decreased continuously and that of short branches increased continuously within the first 3 years after planting,and then the branch composition tended to be stable.Among them,Yanfu 3/M9 had the highest proportion of short branches(66.6%)and the smallest proportion of long branches(10.4%).The leaf SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of Yanfu 3/M9 were the highest.All rootstock combinations entered the initial fruit stage 3 years after planting and entered the stable yield stage 6 years after planting.Yanfu 3/M9 had the highest yield,as well as the single fruit weight,fruit shape index and soluble solid content.Yanfu 3/M9 had better comprehensive performance in tree growth,photosynthetic characteristics,and fruit yield and quality.

关 键 词：苹果 矮化中间砧 烟富3 树体生长 光合特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]