致密砂岩储层天然裂缝建模方法研究进展  

Review of natural fracture modeling methods in tight sandstone reservoirs

作　　者：林承焰[1,2,3] 李辉 任丽华[1,2,3] 董春梅 李师涛[4] 梁书义[4] LIN Cheng-yan;LI Hui;REN Li-hua;DONG Chun-mei;LI Shi-tao;LIANG Shu-yi(School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;Reservoir Geology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province,Qingdao 266580,China;Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;Dongsheng Petroleum Development Group Company Limited of Shengli Oilfield,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,青岛266580 [2]山东省油藏地质重点实验室,青岛266580 [3]中国石油大学(华东)深层油气重点实验室,青岛266580 [4]胜利油田东胜精攻石油开发集团股份有限公司,东营257000

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2020年第5期1803-1814,共12页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：“十三五”国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05009001,2017ZX05072)资助.

摘　　要：致密砂岩储层中天然裂缝的存在极大影响储层非均质性与渗流储集空间.精准刻画三维裂缝空间展布,是目前致密砂岩储层亟待解决的问题.本文基于天然裂缝形成力学机理,将建模方法分为基于岩石破裂瞬态的有限元分析方法和基于裂缝扩展过程的离散元分析方法.其中有限元方法分为基于岩石破裂准则的建模方法,和基于能量守恒的建模方法;离散元方法分为基于多物理场真三轴实验的裂缝扩展建模方法,以及基于实时CT扫描三维岩石破裂过程的建模方法.本文结合实际工区案例系统介绍了四类方法的原理、特征及优缺点,并在最后对基于裂缝成因的天然裂缝建模方法的发展趋势进行展望.研究结果表明:基于破裂准则的建模方法适合岩石破坏形式单一,较为均质的储层,是一种能够快速判断裂缝空间展布的半定量方法.基于能量守恒的建模方法适合绝大多数裂缝系统,是一种能够针对复杂构造、强非均质储层进行三维定量建模的方法.基于多物理场真三轴实验的裂缝扩展建模方法具有还原真实裂缝形成环境的优势,是进行深层-超深层储层裂缝建模的最佳选择.基于实时CT扫描三维岩石破裂过程的建模方法具有对岩石破裂过程实时三维成像,直接构建立体模型的优势,适用于复杂岩体内部裂缝建模研究工作.Natural fractures are widely distributed in underground tight sandstone reservoirs,which greatly enhance the heterogeneity of reservoirs and provide more oil and gas storage space and seepage channels.It is very significant to clarify the spatial distribution of natural fractures in reservoirs.In this paper,based on the mechanism of natural fracture formation,the modeling methods are divided into finite element analysis method based on rock fracture transient and discrete element analysis method based on fracture propagation process.The finite element method can be divided into rock fracture criterion and energy conservation modeling method.Discrete Element Method(DEM)can be divided into fracture propagation modeling method based on multi-physical field true triaxial experiment and three-dimensional rock fracture modeling method based on real-time CT scanning.In this paper,the principles,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of the four methods are systematically introduced,and the development trend of natural fracture modeling methods based on fracture genesis is prospected.The research results show that the modeling method based on fracture criterion is suitable for single and homogeneous reservoirs,and it is a semi-quantitative method which can quickly judge the spatial distribution of fractures.The modeling method based on energy conservation is suitable for most fracture systems.It is a three-dimensional quantitative modeling method for complex structures and strong heterogeneous reservoirs.The fracture propagation modeling method based on multi-physical field true triaxial experiment has the advantage of restoring the real fracture formation environment,and is the best choice for deep-ultra-deep reservoir fracture modeling.The modeling method based on real-time CT scanning of three-dimensional rock fracture process has the advantage of real-time three-dimensional imaging of rock fracture process and directly constructing three-dimensional model,which is suitable for the research of complex rock fract

关 键 词：裂缝建模 力学机理 地质力学 有限元模拟 离散元模拟 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]