绿色防控技术的节本增收效应——基于长江流域水稻种植户的调查  

Cost-saving and income-increasing effect of green control techniques:evidence from rice growers in the Yangtze Basin

作　　者：黄炎忠 罗小锋[1,2] 唐林 杜三峡 HUANG Yan-zhong;LUO Xiao-feng;TANG Lin;DU San-xia(College of Economics&Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China;Hubei Rural Development Research Center,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北农村发展研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2020年第10期174-184,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“基于经济高质量发展的农业自然资源高效利用研究”(批准号:20AZD091);国家自然科学基金青年项目“中国农业科研投资的空间经济效应:理论、实证与对策研究”(批准号:71803145);农业农村部软科学项目“‘两减’目标实现后化肥农药减量潜力、模式选择与政策创新研究”(批准号:202007);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“长江经济带农业绿色发展模式仿真、结构优化与主体搏弈”(批准号:2019T120736)。

摘　　要：绿色防控技术节本增收效益的核算,对于理解农户绿色防控技术采纳行为动机、推广应用绿色防控技术以及制定国家政策具有重要的参考价值。然而,现有研究中绿色防控技术的节本增收作用机理并未得到揭示,导致在推广应用绿色防控技术到底有没有给农户带来真正效益的问题上,很多学者存在观点分歧和困惑。本文基于长江流域湖北、江西和浙江3省822份水稻种植户微观调研数据,运用内生转换模型探讨了绿色防控技术的节本增收效应及作用路径。研究发现:①绿色防控技术总体实现了稻农的节本增收目标,但对于成本收益的改善幅度并不大。采纳绿色防控技术后,稻农能节约病虫害防治成本1.52%~9.52%,仅能提升农产品收入1.35%~2.84%,且生物防治技术的采纳带来了病虫害防治成本的上升。②绿色防控技术采纳对大规模农户的成本节约作用强度要大于小农户,且仅能实现大规模农户的农产品增收效应,对小农户农产品收入的改善并不明显。③生物防治与理化诱控技术的节本增收效应存在差异,目前理化诱控技术的节本增收效应要明显优于生物防治技术。此外,稻农采纳生物防治技术后通过增加施药剂量的路径增加了病虫害防治成本,通过增加稻谷产量的路径增加了农产品收入。稻农采纳理化诱控技术后通过减少施药剂量和施药次数的路径降低了病虫害防治成本,通过提升稻谷价格的路径增加了农产品收入。因此,在加快绿色防控技术推广与应用的同时,要降低生物农药的生产成本,加快绿色农产品市场建设。要引导小农户实现绿色防控技术采纳,客观把握绿色防控技术属性特征,克服绿色防控技术弊端,因地制宜地构建适用的绿色防控技术体系。The accounting of the benefit of cost-saving and income-increasing of green control techniques has an important reference value for understanding the motivation of farmers’adoption behavior,promoting their application and formulating relevant national policies.However,the mechanism of cost-saving and income-increasing of green control technology in the existing research has not been revealed,leading to divergent views and confusion on whether the promotion and application of green control technology has brought real benefits to farmers.Based on 822 micro survey data of rice growers in Hubei,Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces in the Yangtze Basin,the endogenous switching regression was used to explore the cost-saving and income-increasing effect of green control techniques.The results show that:①Green control techniques have achieved the goal of cost-saving and income-increasing for rice farmers,but the cost-income improvement is not large.After adopting green control techniques,sample farmers can save 1.52%~9.52%of the cost of pest control,but can only increase 1.35%~2.84%of crop income.The adoption of biopesticide technology has led to the increase of the cost of pest control;②The adoption of green control techniques has a greater effect on the cost-saving of large-scale households than small-scale households,and can only achieve the effect of increasing the crop income of large-scale households,but not significantly improve the crop income of small-scale households;③There are differences in cost-saving and income-increasing effects between biological control and physical control technology.At present,the cost-saving and income-increasing effect of physical control technology is obviously better than biopesticide.Besides,after adopting the biological control technology,rice farmers have increased the cost of disease and pest control by increasing the application dosage,and increased the income by increasing the yield of rice.The cost of disease and pest control has been reduced by reducing the dosage and tim

关 键 词：绿色防控 农药减量 病虫害防治 节本增收 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]