2015—2019年嘉峪关市重点职业病现况分析  

Analysis of current status of key occupational diseases in Jiayuguan city from 2015 to 2019

作　　者：李建兵[1] 王玉明[1] 王彩环[1] 鲁玉红 姚进 董继元[2] LI Jian-bing;WANG Yu-ming;WANG Cai-huan;LU Yu-hong;YAO Jin;DONG Ji-yuan(Jiayuguan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiayuguan,Gansu 735100,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省嘉峪关市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃嘉峪关735100 [2]兰州大学公共卫生学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2020年第5期5-8,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

基　　金：嘉峪关市科技计划项目(17-66)。

摘　　要：目的描述并分析2015—2019年甘肃省嘉峪关市重点职业病监测数据,了解嘉峪关市重点职业病分布特点,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制中心重点职业病监测管理信息系统导出2015—2019年嘉峪关市相关职业病监测数据,采用SPSS 19.0软件整理分析数据。结果 2015—2019年重点职业病病例报告以职业性尘肺为主(80.87%),粉尘作业工人尘肺样改变主要集中在小型、私营企业,异常率分别为2.33%和7.76%,粉尘作业工人矽肺样改变以男性为主,男女间异常率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.244,P>0.05);苯作业工人白细胞、中性粒细胞异常率分别为4.52.%和4.73%,男女性白细胞(χ~2=3.229)、中性粒细胞(χ~2=2.278)异常率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);小型(χ~2=1.686)和私营(χ~2=3.994)企业工人的异常率高于其他类型企业,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);噪声作业工人高频平均听阈检出率[≥40 dB(A)]男性明显高于女性,总检出率7.10%,并随着年龄的增长而呈增高的趋势,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=4.450,P<0.05)。结论嘉峪关市主要职业病危害因素为矽肺和噪声,当地卫生行政主管部门应加强小型和私营企业的职业健康管理。Objective To describe and analyze the monitoring data of key occupational diseases in Jiayuguan city,Gansu province from 2015 to 2019,understand the distribution characteristics of the key occupational diseases,so as to provide scientific evidences for prevention and treatment.Methods The surveillance data of relevant occupational diseases of Jiayuguan city from 2015 to 2019 were collected from the Key Occupational Disease Monitoring and Management Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and analyzed with SPSS 19.0.Results Out of the key occupational diseases reported during 2015 to 2019,occupational pneumoconiosis was the dominant(80.87%).The pneumoconiosis-like change in the workers in dusty environment mainly concentrated in small business and private enterprises,with abnormality rates of 2.33%and 7.76%,respectively.The pneumoconiosis-like change were mainly in male workers,and there was no statistical difference(χ2=1.244,P>0.05)in the abnormality rates between the male and the female.The abnormality rates of white blood cells and neutrophils among workers in benzene environment were 4.52%and 4.73%,respectively,and there was no statistical difference(P>0.05)in the abnormality rates of white blood cells(χ2=3.229)and neutrophils(χ2=2.278)between the female and the male,and the abnormality rates were higher in workers from small business(χ2=1.686)and private enterprises(χ2=3.994)than from other types of enterprises without statistical difference(P>0.05).The detection rate of high frequency hearing threshold[≥40 dB(A)]of workers in noise environment was significantly higher in the male than in the female,with a total detection rate of 7.10%and increasing trend with age(χ2=4.450,P<0.05).Conclusions The silica dust and noise are the major hazard factors of occupational diseases in Jiayuguan city.The occupational health management of the small business and private enterprises should be strengthened by the local health authorities.

关 键 词：重点职业病 职业健康 风险评估 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]