运动员社会支持量表编制与检验  

Development and Validation of Social Support Questionnaire for Athletes

作　　者：杜文娅 仇军 张帆 钟建伟[4] 张兵[5] 沈艳[6] DU Wenya;QIU Jun;ZHANG Fan;et al(Beijing Normal Univ., Beijing 100875, China;Tsinghua Univ., Beijing 100084, China;Beijing Univ. of Chemical Tech., Beijing 100029, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [2]清华大学体育部,北京100084 [3]北京化工大学文法学院,北京100029 [4]江西师范大学体育学院,江西南昌330022 [5]盐城师范学院体育学院,江苏盐城224007 [6]吉林大学体育学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2020年第11期94-100,共7页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项“冬季项目运动员专项能力特征和科学选材关键技术”(2018YFF0300403)。

摘　　要：编制运动员社会支持量表(SSQA),检验其信效度和科学性,实现社会支持的定量化评定,为运动员成长成才所需社会支持提供科学依据。运用量表编制的理论与方法形成运动员社会支持预调研量表,对460名运动员实施预调研。通过探索性因素分析形成正式测试量表,对1056名运动员实施调研,采用验证性因素分析和信效度检验形成正式量表。结果SSQA包含24个题项,分属教练支持、家庭支持、同伴支持、组织支持、政策舆论支持5个维度,累积解释变异量为68.419%;验证性因素分析表明量表拟合指数理想;SSQA内部一致性系数达0.908,重测系数为0.843,各维度Cronbachα系数和重测系数均达0.7以上;SSQA与效标量表相关系数为0.478,每个题项在各自维度中的负荷量均接近或大于0.6,在其他维度中的负荷量皆小于0.4。验证表明SSQA具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为运动员社会支持测量的规范量表。The purpose of the study was to develop the Social Support Questionnaire for Athlete(SSQA)and to test its reliability,validity and whether it was scientific.SSQA could realize the quantitative evaluation of social support and provided the social support for athletes to grow into successful athletes.The pre-survey questionnaire of SSQA was formed by using the theory and method of questionnaire development to conduct a preliminary survey of 460 athletes.The formal investigation questionnaire was formed by exploratory factor analysis and 1056 athletes were investigated.SSQA was formed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity test.The result showed that SSQA contained 24 items which were divided into 5 dimensions:coach support,family support,peer support,organizational support,policy and public opinion support.The cumulative explanatory variation was 68.419%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the index of questionnaire fitting was ideal.The internal consistency coefficient of SSQA was 0.908.The retest coefficient was 0.843.And the Cronbachαcoefficient and retest coefficient of all dimensions were above 0.7.The correlation coefficient between SSQA and PSSS was 0.478.The load of each item in its respective dimension was close to or greater than 0.6,while the load in other dimensions was less than 0.4.The results showed that SSQA had better reliability and validity,and it could be used as a standard questionnaire to measure the athletes’social support.

关 键 词：运动员 社会支持 量表编制 信度 效度 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]