两宋燃料分布、控制与开发——兼论“传统燃料危机论”与“燃料革命论”之不成立  

Physical Geography, Artificial Control and Exploitation of Fuel in the Song Dynasty:Traditional Fuel Crisis Theory and Fuel Revolution Theory were not True

作　　者：黄嘉福 Huang Jiafu(Academy for Historical Environment and Socio-economic Development in Northwest China,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710119)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2020年第4期132-141,共10页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中国历史农业地理研究”(13AZD033);(陕西师范大学)中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2020CBWZ001)。

摘　　要：两宋时期,出产木柴木炭的山林多为国家、寺观、官员、地主所控制。北方集中成片的煤矿主要受官方系统之外的民众控制。长江下游的芦场名义上由国家控制,实际上多由寺观、官员、地主所经营。燃料产地控制主体多元化深刻影响着燃料生产与流通。整体分析两宋燃料分布、控制与开发等复杂问题,对全面而深刻地理解"传统燃料危机论"与"燃料革命论"的内在缺陷大有裨益。研究表明",传统燃料危机论"与"燃料革命论"难以成立。Firewood and charcoal came from mountain forest what were controlled by nation,religion,landlord and officers.Lots of northern coal mine were controlled by businessmen.Reed located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River nominally belongs to the state,butactually controlled by powerful officers,landlord and religion.The diversification of the main body of control over the origin of fuel has profoundly affected the production and distribution of fuel.After analyzing of fuel distribution,control and development in Song Dynasty,we could see that it is helpful to comprehensively and profoundly understand the inherent shortcomings of theTraditional Fuel Crisis Theory and Fuel Revolution Theory.Research shows that the Traditional Fuel Crisis Theory and Fuel Revolution Theorywere difficult to establish.

关 键 词：两宋时期 燃料 山林 煤炭 芦场 

分 类 号：K992[历史地理—人文地理学]