稀有金属材料钯湿法回收的研究进展  

Research progress on wet recovery of rare metal materials palladium

作　　者：肖忠良 曾超 刘佩 吴道新 宋刘斌 曹忠 XIAO Zhongliang;ZENG Chao;LIU Pei;WU Daoxin;SONG Liubin;CAO Zhong(Changsha University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation,Changsha 410114, China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学化学与食品工程学院电力与交通材料保护湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114

出　　处：《功能材料》2020年第11期11008-11016,共9页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51604042,51774051,31527803,21275022,21545010&21501015);湖南省战略性新型重大资助项目(2019GK4041);长沙市科技计划资助项目(kq1907095)。

摘　　要：从不同废弃物中回收贵金属钯的湿法回收方法,明确了钯回收的重要价值,但存在体系成分复杂,含量极低,且未经处理直接排放,造成资源浪费的问题。湿法回收依据回收过程作用机理的不同,以吸附法、离子交换法、络合-萃取法、沉淀法等进行分类阐述。在4种方法中,吸附法的应用逐渐增加,故以吸附法为主进行详细介绍。吸附材料可分为金属氧化物复合吸附材料、碳基复合吸附材料、MOFs复合吸附材料、生物质复合吸附材料。而复合吸附材料通常以功能性配体与载体通过嫁接法或浸渍法等进行复配合成,因而相对普通的吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量与选择性,且吸附迅速。指出在未来的发展方向中,为推进贵金属钯回收的高选择性、高回收率,吸附法将成为首选,同时可实现回收的绿色环保。The wet recovery methods for recovering precious metal palladium from different wastes were reviewed,and the important value of palladium recovery was clear,but there are problems of complex system components,extremely low content and direct discharge without treatment resulting in waste of resources.According to the different recovery mechanism of wet process,the wet recovery methods were classified and described by adsorption method,ion exchange method,complexation-extraction method,precipitation method and so on.Among the four methods,the application of the adsorption method was gradually increasing,so the adsorption method was mainly introduced in detail.Adsorption materials could be divided into metal oxide composite adsorbent materials,carbon-based composite adsorbent materials,MOFs composite adsorbent materials and biomass composite adsorbent materials.The composite adsorbent was usually compounded with functional ligands and carriers by grafting or impregnation methods,so it had higher adsorption capacity and selectivity than ordinary adsorbents,and showed fast adsorption.It pointed out that in the future development direction,in order to promote the high selectivity and high recovery rate of the noble metal palladium recovery,the adsorption method would become the first choice,and at the same time,the recycling could be green.

关 键 词：贵金属 钯 吸附材料 回收技术 研究进展 

分 类 号：X753[环境科学与工程—环境工程]