大数据时代的数据主体权利及其未决问题——以欧盟《一般数据保护条例》为分析对象  

Data Subject Rights in the Era of Big Data and Their Unsolved Issues:The EU GDPR Taken as the Analysis Object

作　　者：田广兰[1] TIAN Guanglan(Department of Philosophy,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215021)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学哲学系,江苏苏州215021

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2020年第6期131-141,共11页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“技术时代的道德责任问题研究”(17BZX107)。

摘　　要：大数据技术将世界万物迅速地数据化,人类个体也由此获得了一个新的身份———数据主体。大数据技术为数据主体创造了更多的福祉、自由和价值,也带来了个体权利的风险。为了回应这一问题,欧盟的《一般数据保护条例》主张数据主体拥有知情权、访问权、更正权、删除权(被遗忘权)、反对权、限制处理权和数据可携带权等数据权利。数据权利的法律化致力于尊重和保护数据主体的隐私、自主、尊严和利益,但是该条例仍然无法妥善解决数据权利与信息自由的内在冲突、永久性删除与技术性隔离的两难、原生数据的保护和衍生数据的无为以及算法歧视的阴影与公正权利的诉求等问题。对欧盟GDPR所主张的数据主体权利及其未决问题的分析期待能为中国数据治理模式的探究提供学理基础。As everything in the world has been rapidly digitalized by the big data technology,the human individuals have gained a new identity as data subject.Big data technology has contributed to the improvement of well-being,freedom and value for the data subjects,however also brought in risks to individual rights.In response to this problem,the EU General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR)claims that the data subjects own data rights such as the right of access,the right to be informed,rectification,erasure(be forgotten),object,restriction of processing,and data por-tability.The legislation of data rights has devoted to respecting and protect the privacy,autonomy,dignity,and interests of data subjects.Nevertheless,this regulation is still incapable of properly solving issues such as the internal conflicts between data rights and freedom of information,the di-lemma of permanent removal and technical isolation,protection of native data and inaction of de-rived data,and the shadow of algorithmic discrimination and the demand for justice.The analysis of the advocated rights of data subjects claimed by GDPR and its unsolved problems is expected to pro-vide the academic foundation for the research on the Chinese model of data governance.

关 键 词：一般数据保护条例 数据主体权利 信息自由 隐私自主 公正 

分 类 号：D95[政治法律—法学] DD913