高强度间歇训练对老年人认知功能的影响  

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Congnitive Function in Older Adults

作　　者：房国梁[1] 张漓[1] 韩天雨 邹煦[2] 张晗[2] 李茜 汪涵 沈钰琳 FANG Guoliang;ZHANG Li;HAN Tianyu;ZOU Xu;ZHANG Han;LI Xi;WANG Han;SHEN Yulin(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Aerospace General Hospital,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]北京航天总医院,北京100076

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2020年第11期32-37,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC2000600);国家自然科学基金项目(31801004);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本20-17)。

摘　　要：目的:探究高强度间歇训练对老年人认知功能的影响,为延缓老年人认知功能衰退提供新方法和理论依据。方法:将符合条件的北京地区60岁以上受试者随机分成对照组(CON)、高强度间歇训练组(HIIT)和中等强度持续训练组(MICT)。HIIT组和MICT组进行为期12周的干预训练。干预前后对所有受试者进行最大摄氧量测试、数字广度测试、连线测试以及Stroop测试。结果:经过12周的训练后,HIIT组受试者与训练前和CON组相比,其最大摄氧量极显著性提高,完成顺序和倒序数字广度测试所能重复数字的位数均显著增加,完成连线测试-A和Stroop测试的时间均显著减少,完成Stroop测试的准确率显著提高;与MICT组相比,最大摄氧量显著性提高。而MICT组受试者与训练前相比,其最大摄氧量极显著性提高,完成顺序数字广度测试所能重复数字的位数显著增加,Stroop测试准确率显著性提高;与CON组相比,其完成顺序和倒序数字广度测试所能重复数字的位数均显著增加。结论:高强度间歇训练能够显著提高老年人认知功能中的短时记忆能力、反应速度和抗干扰能力,但对于提高注意力效果并不明显。这些积极改变可能与HIIT提高了老年人最大摄氧量水平有关。与传统中等强度持续训练相比,HIIT对改善老年人认知功能作用更加显著。Objective:To explore the effects of high intensity interval training on cognitive function in older adults,and to provide new methods and theoretical basis for delaying cognitive function decline in older adults.Methods:Eligible subjects over 60 years old in Beijing area were randomly divided into control group(CON),high intensity interval training group(HIIT)and moderate intensity continuous training group(MICT).HIIT and MICT groups underwent a 12-week training.Before and after training,all subjects accepted maximum oxygen uptake test,digit span test(DST),trail making test(TMT)and stroop test.Results:After 12 weeks training,in HIIT group,compared with pre-training and CON group,the maximum oxygen uptake level was increased significantly,and the number of digits in the forward and backward digit span test was increased significantly,and the time to complete the TMT-A and Stroop test was significantly reduced,and the accuracy of the Stroop test was significantly improved.Compared with MICT group,the maximum oxygen uptake level of HIIT group was increased significantly.But in MICT group,compared with pre-training,the maximum oxygen uptake level was increased significantly,and the number of digits in the forward digit span test was increased significantly,and the accuracy of the Stroop test was significantly improved.Compared with CON group,the number of digits in the forward and backward digit span test was increased significantly.Conclusion:High intensity interval training can significantly improve the short-term memory,reaction speed and anti-interference ability in older adults,but it has no obvious effect on improving attention.These positive changes may be related to the increase of maximum oxygen uptake level.Compared with the traditional moderate intensity continuous training,high intensity interval training has a more significant effect on the improvement of cognitive function in older adults.

关 键 词：老年人 高强度间歇训练 认知功能 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]