丛枝菌根真菌对环境纳米材料的响应及减毒效应  

The response and toxicity attenuation role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to environmental nanomaterials

作　　者：孙东年 胡君利[1,3] 白建峰 林先贵 SUN Dongnian;HU Junli;BAI Jianfeng;LIN Xiangui(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for WEEE Recycling,WEEE Research Centre of Shanghai Polytechnic University,Shanghai 201209,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]上海第二工业大学电子废弃物研究中心,上海电子废弃物资源化协同创新中心,上海201209 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2020年第5期1147-1153,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200306);国家自然科学基金面上项目(416712 65);上海第二工业大学研究生项目基金(A10GY20H002-D03)资助。

摘　　要：环境纳米材料在环境治理与农业生产等领域具有积极作用,但也给生态系统带来了不容忽视的潜在危害.丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌可促进植物对营养元素的吸收并提高植物的抗逆性,也可降低环境纳米材料的毒性作用,探究AM真菌对环境纳米材料的响应和减毒效应已成为近来的研究热点.通过梳理相关研究进展发现,纳米材料会因材料自身性质、环境浓度和土壤性质等的差异而对土壤AM真菌群落结构、多样性及其生长与侵染产生不同影响,同时AM真菌也能通过固持纳米颗粒、改善根际环境和调节宿主植物营养与水分状况、降低纳米材料的吸收转运以及增强系统防御等途径来调控纳米材料的生物环境效应,缓解其进入环境后所带来的危害.最后结合现状,提出未来AM真菌与纳米材料互作研究中应该关注的重点:一方面通过借助新型手段探究AM真菌对纳米材料的响应机制并试图识别具有纳米材料高耐受性AM真菌,另一方面通过加强对复杂体系下纳米材料土壤环境行为和植物毒害效应的研究以最大限度地发挥AM真菌的调控作用,为环境纳米材料的科学应用和安全管控提供理论依据.(图1参69)Environmental nanomaterials(NMs) have been reported to have positive effects in fields such as environmental governance and agricultural production but also pose potential hazards in ecosystems that cannot be ignored. Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi can promote plant nutrient absorption, improve plant resistance to stress, and reduce the toxicity of environmental NMs. Recently, it has become popular to explore the response and toxicity attenuation role of AM fungi to environmental NMs. Based on a review of the relevant literature, environmental NMs were found to have differential effects on community structure, diversity, growth, and colonization of soil AM fungi. This is due to differences in material properties, environmental concentrations, and soil properties, among other ecosystem components. Meanwhile, AM fungi can regulate the bio-environmental effects of NMs by fixing nanoparticles, improving the rhizosphere environment, regulating the nutritional and water statuses of host plants, reducing the absorption and transport of NMs, and enhancing the defense of plant systems. These measures can lessen the hazards caused by NMs after entering the environment. Finally, based on the status of current research, key points that should be given attention in future research on the interaction between AM fungi and NMs were proposed. Specifically, they are as follows:(1) Revealing the response mechanisms of AM fungi to NMs through new methods and identifying species with high tolerance to NMs.(2) Strengthening the research on soil environmental behavior and plant toxicity of NMs under complex systems.(3) Maximizing the regulation function of AM fungi. These efforts may provide a theoretical basis for the scientific application and safe management of environmental NMs.

关 键 词：环境纳米材料 丛枝菌根真菌 群落结构 多样性 土壤环境行为 植物毒害效应 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]