2019年贵州省六枝特区梭戛乡儿童燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒现况调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of children's coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Suojia Township,Liuzhi Tequ,Guizhou Province in 2019

作　　者：喻艳琴 田薇 李福成 洪伟[1] 樊思伟 张茜 所才海 吴昌学[1] 张婷[1] 王婵娟[1] 何燕[1] Yu Yanqin;Tian Wei;Li Fucheng;Hong Wei;Fan Siwei;Zhang Qian;Suo Caihai;Wu Changxue;Zhang Ting;Wang Chanjuan;He Yan(Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550004,China;Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province,LiuPanshui 553001,China;Health Center of Suojia Miao,Yi and Hui Township,Liuzhi Tequ,Guizhou Province,Liuzhi Tequ 553400,China;Central School of Suojia Miao,Yi and Hui Township,Liuzhi Tequ,Guizhou Province,Liuzhi Tequ 553400,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学地方病与少数民族性疾病教育部重点实验室,贵阳550004 [2]贵州省六盘水市疾病预防控制中心,553001 [3]贵州省六枝特区梭戛苗族彝族回族乡卫生院,553400 [4]贵州省六枝特区梭戛苗族彝族回族乡中心学校,553400

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2020年第11期801-804,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2807)。

摘　　要：目的了解贵州省六枝特区梭戛苗族彝族回族乡(简称梭戛乡)燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒(简称燃煤型氟中毒)病区儿童氟中毒现状,为制定下一步防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法2019年,采用整群抽样方法抽取贵州省六枝特区梭戛乡6所小学8~12岁儿童进行问卷调查收集基本信息,按照《氟斑牙诊断》标准进行氟斑牙检查和分度;分别于4月和10月采集儿童即时尿样,并采用离子选择电极法测定尿氟含量。结果共调查8~12岁儿童1381例,年龄为(9.84±1.38)岁,包括男童679例、女童702例。共检出氟斑牙患儿625例,检出率为45.26%;氟斑牙指数为1.00,流行强度为中等流行;氟斑牙分度以极轻度为主,占37.00%(511/1381)。8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为35.10%(106/302)、35.83%(115/321).47.96%(129/269)、55.23%(153/277)、57.55%(122/212),不同年龄间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=48.949,P<0.01),且儿童氟斑牙检出率随年龄的增加呈上升趋势(χ^2趋势=45.254,P<0.01);男、女童氟斑牙检出率分别为43.59%(296/679)、46.87%(329/702),不同性别间比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.492,P>0.05)。在4月和10月分别检测8~12岁儿童尿样123、107份,尿氟几何均数分别为1.55、0.47 mg/L,其中4月尿氟水平高于正常范围(<1.40 mg/L)。结论贵州省六枝特区梭戛乡目前仍为氟中毒病区,存在不同月份尿氟水平差异较大的现象,提示该地区居民可能是间断高氟摄入,应进一步加强地方性氟中毒的防控工作。Objective To understand the current situation of children's fluorosis in the coal-buming-bome endemic fluorosis areas(abbreviated as coal-burning fluorosis)in Suojia Miao,Yi and Hui Township(Suojia Township for short)in Liuzhi Tequ,Guizhou Province,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods In 2019,the cluster sampling method was adopted to select children aged 8-12 years old from 6 primary schools in Suojia Township,Liuzhi Tequ,Guizhou Province to conduct a questionnaire survey to collect basic information,and perform dental fluorosis examination and indexing in accordance with the"Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis"standards.Immediate urine samples were collected from children in April and October,and urinary fluoride content was determined by ion selective electrode method.Results A total of 1381 children aged 8-12 years old were investigated,aged(9.84±1.38)years old,including 679 boys and 702 girls.A total of 625 children with dental fluorosis were detected,and the detection rate was 45.26%;the dental fluorosis index was 1.00,and the prevalence intensity was moderate;the main score of dental fluorosis was extremely mild,accounting for 37.00%(511/1381).The detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years old were 35.10%(106/302),35.83%(115/321),47.96%(129/269),55.23%(153/277),and 57.55%(122/212),respectively;the difference between different ages was statistically significant(χ^2=48.949,P<0.01),and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children increased with age(χ^2trend=45.254,P<0.01).The detection rates of dental fluorosis in boys and girls were 43.59%(296/679)and 46.87%(329/702),respectively,and there was no significant difference between different genders(χ^2=1.492,P>0.05).In April and October,123 and 107 urine samples of children aged 8-12 years old were tested.The geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 1.55 and 0.47 mg/L,respectively.The urinary fluoride level in April was higher than the normal range(<1.40 mg/L).Conclusions

关 键 词：氟中毒 牙 尿 燃煤污染型 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.9[医药卫生—儿科]