三维地震波定向超前地质预报技术试验研究  

Experimental research on 3D geological directional seismic prediction during tunnel construction

作　　者：娄国充 孙志涛[1] 满令聪 LOU Guochong;SUN Zhitao;MAN Lingcong(School of Civil Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shjiazhuang,Hebei 050043,China;Key Laboratory of Road and Railway Engineering Jointly Established by Hebei Province and Ministry of Education,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shjiazhuang,Heibei 050043,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院,河北石家庄050043 [2]石家庄铁道大学道路与铁道工程安全保障省部共建教育部重点实验室,河北石家庄050043

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2020年第S01期2733-2740,共8页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(19274207D)。

摘　　要：针对新建隧道地震波超前地质预报技术中干扰波多、震源适应性差、预报准确性低的关键技术问题,利用易操作的锤击震源,构建一种能够适应隧道施工空间和工序要求的高性能定向三维超前地质预报技术,并结合多个新建隧道开展了探索性试验研究。研究结果表明:(1)在隧道掌子面上建立定向三维观测系统,能够满足隧道施工空间和工序要求,提高了超前地质预报效果;(2)采用18磅锤击震源激发频率低,能量强,探测预报距离长,预报距离达到100m以上;(3)锤击震源可重复性强,通过多锤叠加可较好提高信噪比和保真性,绿色环保,是隧道超前预报一种理想的低频震源;(4)该探测技术系统操作简单,易于布控,能够适用隧道不同开挖方式;(5)定向探测技术预报精度高,探测方向性明确,能够准确预报隧道掌子面前方岩溶、涌水、断层和围岩等级等不良地质情况。In order to solve the key technical problems of multiple interference signals,poor adaptability and low prediction accuracy in the seismic wave advance geological prediction during the new tunnels construction,a high-performance 3D directional geological prediction method which suit to the space and process of the tunnel construction is established by using the easily operated hammering source in this paper,and exploratory test research is carried out in combination with several newly-built tunnels on Zhang-Ji-Huai Railway.The results show that:(1)The directional three-dimensional advance prediction method is suitable for tunnel construction space and construction process,which can effectively improve the accuracy of advance geological prediction.(2)The 18-pound hammer source has low excitation frequency and strong energy,which can meet the requirements of the new tunnels.and the prediction distance is over 100 m.(3)Hammering source has strong repeatability,which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and fidelity by stacking.It is an ideal low frequency source for tunnel advance prediction.(4)This method is easy to operate and control,and can be used in different tunnel excavation methods.(5)This method has high prediction accuracy and clear detection direction,and can accurately predict the bad geological conditions such as karst,water gushing,fault and surrounding rock grade behind the tunnel face.

关 键 词：隧道工程 定向探测 地震波 三维观测系统 低频震源 地质预报 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]