16个天南星科魔芋属植物叶表皮细胞形态特征及其系统学意义  

Structural Characters of Leaf Epidermis and Their Systematic Significance in 16 Amorphophallus Species(Araceae)

作　　者：赵青华[1,2,3] 杨朝柱 王孟[1,2,3] 覃宇 胡永忠 降巧龙[1,2,3] 潘娅妮 ZHAO Qinhua;YANG Chaozhu;WANG Meng;QIN Yu;HU Yongzhong;JIANG Qiaolong;PAN Yani(Enshi Tujia&Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Enshi 445000,China;Engineering Technology Center of Konjac Seed&Seedlings in Hubei Province,Enshi 445000,China;Comprehensive Experimental Station of Agricultural Science&Technology Innovation Center in Western Hubei Province,Enshi 445000,China)

机构地区：[1]恩施州农业科学院,湖北恩施445000 [2]湖北省魔芋种子种苗工程技术中心,湖北恩施445000 [3]湖北省农业科技创新中心鄂西综合试验站,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《湖北民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第4期371-376,396,共7页Journal of Hubei Minzu University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2016-620-000-001-062);恩施州科技支撑计划项目(D20180024).

摘　　要：利用光学显微镜对天南星科魔芋属16个植物叶表皮微形态进行了观测,并对13个多态性性状进行了聚类分析.结果表明:16个魔芋植物气孔均为平列行,由2个保卫细胞和副卫细胞构成,副卫细胞表面具条形纹饰.种间气孔指数、密度和大小存在差异,西盟魔芋气孔密度(159.15个/mm2)和气孔指数(19.05%)最高,弥勒魔芋气孔最大(79.67μm×16.64μm).气孔主要分布在下表皮,部分魔芋上表皮存在少量气孔,滇魔芋和西盟魔芋观察到相邻气孔.垂周壁式样具有平直、平直-弓形、弓形、浅波、深波5种类型,表皮细胞有多边形和不规则形2种形态,上表皮差异大,下表皮趋同,部分植物表皮具有条形纹饰.16个魔芋在组间连接距离17水平上分为4个类群,类群Ⅰ包括丽江花魔芋、A.asterostigmatus、勐海魔芋、东京魔芋、恩施花魔芋、鄂魔芋1号、白魔芋、弥勒魔芋、谢君魔芋、疣柄魔芋、珠芽魔芋11个种;类群Ⅱ包括甜魔芋和东亚魔芋2个种;类群Ⅲ仅攸乐魔芋1个种;类群IV仅西盟魔芋1个种.叶表皮微形态的这些差异对于魔芋植物的鉴定和分类具有一定的参考价值.The leaf epidermis in 16 species of Amorphophallus Blume(Araceae) was observed by light microscope,and 13 polymorphic characters were analyzed by cluster analysis.The results showed that all the 16 Amorphophallus species were same paracytic type of stoamta,composed of two guard cells and two subsidiary cells with strip ornamentation.There were differences in stomatal index,density and size among species.The stomatal density(159.15 cells/mm^2) and stomatal index(19.05%) in A.krausei were the highest,while the size of stomata(79.67 μm×16.64 μm) in A.muelleri were the largest.The stomata were mainly distributed in the lower epidermis,and there were a few stomata in the upper epidermis in some Amorphophallus species.The joint stomata were found in A.yunnanensis and A.krausei.There are five types of anticlinal walls:straight,straight-arched,arched,sinuolate,and sinuate.The shape of epidermal cells was polygonal or irregular.The upper epidermis was different,while the lower epidermis was similar.Epidermis of some species have strip ornamentation.16 Amorphophallus species were identified 4 groups at 17 level of the rescale distance of cluster combine,group Ⅰ:including A.konjac cv.Lijiang,A.asterostigmatus,A.kachinensis,A.tonkinensis,A.konjac cv.Enshi,A.konjac×A.albus.cv.Emoyu No.1,A.albus,A.muelleri,A.xiei,A.paeoniifolius,A.bulbifer;group Ⅱ:including A.paeoniifolius‘Yellow’and A.kiusianus;group Ⅲ:A.yuloensis;Group IV:A.krausei.The differences of leaf epidermal micro-morphology have important value for the identification and classification of Amorphophallus species.

关 键 词：魔芋 气孔 表皮 垂周壁 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S632.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]