二维膜的精密构筑和结构调控策略综述  

A review of structural design and tuning methods of two-dimensional membranes

作　　者：樊江 汪唯 蔡佳浩 卢纵 丁力 魏嫣莹 王海辉[1] FAN Jiang;WANG Wei;CAI Jiahao;LU Zong;DING Li;WEI Yanying;WANG Haihui(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学化学与化工学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《化工进展》2020年第12期4823-4836,共14页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51621001,21861132013);广东省自然科学杰出青年基金(2017A030306002)。

摘　　要：膜分离技术效率高、能耗低,在水处理和气体分离等领域有重要应用。二维膜是一类新兴的分离膜,由高横纵比的二维纳米片组装而成,成膜容易、力学性能好、结构可设计、可调控;在实验室范围内实现了有机溶剂脱水、纳滤、离子截留、气体筛分等领域的高效分离,有望突破传统分离膜的性能上限;但目前对二维膜的研究仍处于初期阶段。如何对二维膜进行精密构筑和结构调控,以优化其分离性能,使之针对不同的分离体系、在各分离尺度达到理想的分离效果仍具挑战。面对如何提高二维膜的渗透性、选择性和稳定性这三项性能评价指标,本文综述了系列二维膜的精密构筑和结构调控方法,包括离子交联、客体材料插层、表面改性等,分别从二维膜的层间距调控、二维纳米片相互作用关系的调节、二维膜的通道有序性等方面设计与构筑二维膜的分离通道,以实现二维膜分离性能的全面提升。Membrane separation is energy-saving and highly efficient,which shows important applications in the fields of water treatment and gas separation.Two-dimensional(2D)membrane is a kind of novel membrane,assembled from 2D nanosheets with a high aspect ratio.They are easily manufacturable and have good mechanical strength with designable and controllable structure.In the laboratory,2D membrane has been widely used in organic solvent dehydration,nanofiltration,ion rejection,gas separation,etc,which is expected to break through the performance limit of traditional separation membrane.However,till now,the study on 2D membrane is still in its infancy.It is still challenging to accurately design and tune the structure of 2D membrane to achieve the desired separation performance.This study summarized several strategies of the structure design and tuning,which include cross-linking,guest materials intercalation,surface modification,etc.,aiming to improve the permeability,selectivity,and stability of 2D membranes.This information can help to improve the separation performance by tuning the interlayer spacing,channel orderliness of the 2D membrane,and the interaction between the nanosheets.

关 键 词：无机膜 膜分离 二维膜 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]