爆炸合成纳米粉体及其团聚控制研究进展  

Progress in nanoparticles prepared by detonation method and their agglomeration control

作　　者：曲艳东 高凌霞[1] 章文姣 刘伟[2] QU Yandong;GAO Lingxia;ZHANG Wenjiao;LIU Wei(College of Civil Engineering,Dalian Minzu University,Dalian 116650,Liaoning,China;School of Civil and Architectural Engineering,Liaoning University of Technology,Jinzhou 121001,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连民族大学土木工程学院,辽宁大连116650 [2]辽宁工业大学土木建筑工程学院,辽宁锦州121001

出　　处：《化工进展》2020年第12期5136-5147,共12页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11302094);辽宁省自然科学基金(20170540441);辽宁省高等学校优秀人才项目(LJQ2014063)。

摘　　要：作为一种新兴的纳米材料制备方法,爆炸法具有操作简单、高效、经济、节能和环保等特点。但是,合成过程的复杂性和纳米材料特殊的性能,导致爆炸合成的纳米粉体极易团聚,这不仅破坏纳米粉体的超细性和均匀性,还影响其发挥自身的优越性能。目前,爆炸合成纳米粉体及其团聚控制研究已经成为爆炸加工领域的研究热点之一。本文首先概述了国内外爆炸合成纳米粉体的发展现状;然后从爆炸合成纳米粉体团聚的主要影响因素(如纳米粉体的理化特性、制备工艺、提纯工艺和分散工艺)和粉体团聚机理等方面综述了研究成果;最后指出了今后的研究热点和亟待解决的关键问题。Detonation method,which is regarded as a new method of preparing nanoparticles(NPs),has the advantages of simple operation,higher efficiency,lower cost,saving energy and environmental protection,etc.However,due to the complexity of the synthesis process and special properties of NPs,the explosive synthesis of NPs is easy to agglomerate,which not only destroys the ultra-fineness and uniformity of NPs,but also affects their superior performance.At present,the research on the NPs preparation by detonation method as well as their agglomeration control has been one of the hotspots in the field of explosive processing.In this study,research progress of NPs synthesized by detonation method is generalized.The latest achievements in controlling agglomeration of NPs and improving the dispersibility of NPs are summarized from the aspects of the main influencing factors,such as the physical and chemical properties of NPs,the preparation process,the purification process,the dispersion process,and the agglomeration models.Theresearchhotspotsandkeyproblems,whichneededtobesolvedurgently,arealsopresented.

关 键 词：纳米粉体 团聚结构 爆炸法 分散性 合成工艺 

分 类 号：O634.2[理学—高分子化学] O64[理学—化学]