西双版纳6个主要世居少数民族药用植物资源的应用与分析  

Application and analysis of medicinal plant resources of six major ethnic minorities living in Xishuangbanna

作　　者：李瑶 李海涛[1] 张忠廉[1] 顾哲 郭芳 张丽霞[1] LI Yao;LI Hai-tao;ZHANG Zhong-lian;GU Zhe;GUO Fang;ZHANG Li-xia(Yunnan Branch,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Jinghong 666100,China;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所云南分所,云南景洪666100 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2020年第20期5034-5041,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家中医药管理局全国中药资源普查项目(GZY-KJS-2018-004)。

摘　　要：为了探讨西双版纳6个主要世居少数民族药用植物资源的组成与特点,以及民族药传统利用特点,促进民族药资源和传统知识的合理保护和传承利用。该研究基于云南省西双版纳第四次中药资源普查,通过文献收集整理、走访调查等方式,对傣族、哈尼族、基诺族、佤族、拉祜族和布朗族的药用植物资源的种类、药用部位、主治疾病等应用进行数据整理分析。结果显示6个世居少数民族药用植物资源1 048种,各民族药用植物分别为735,497,272,295,280,49种;6个民族中相互交叉使用药用植物分别占各民族药用植物的62.45%,78.07%,88.60%,87.46%,82.25%,95.92%;6个主要世居少数民族使用的药用植物主要用药部位为根及根茎,全草、叶以及茎;各民族药用植物主要应用于治疗消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、风湿性疾病、跌打损伤、蛇虫咬伤等外因疾病。该研究表明,西双版纳有丰富的民族药用植物资源,以傣族药为主的民族医药文化历史悠久,理论多元,形成独具特色的民族特色文化。但各民族药资源及传统知识的应用均面临逐渐减少的风险,建议加强西双版纳民族医药文化的挖掘、保护和传承,同时对发展地区经济和国际社会影响力有着积极的作用。The study aims at exploring the composition and characteristics of the medicinal plant resources of six major ethnic minorities living in Xishuangbanna, as well as the characteristics of traditional utilization of ethnic medicine, and promote the rational protection and inheritance and utilization of ethnic medicine resources and traditional knowledge. Based on the fourth survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, through the methods of literature collection, interviewing and field investigation, this paper analyzed the data of the types, medicinal parts and attending diseases of medicinal plant resources of Dai, Hani, Jinuo, Wa, Lahu and Bulang nationalities. The results showed that there were 1 048 medicinal plant resources of the six ethnic minorities, and the medicinal plants were 735, 497, 272, 295, 280 and 49 in the six nationalities, respectively. The cross-use of medicinal plants among the six nationalities accounted for 62.45%, 78.07%, 88.60%, 87.46%, 82.25% and 95.92%, respectively. The main medicinal plants used by the six major ethnic minorities are root and rhizome, whole grass, leaf and stem. Various ethnic medicinal plants are mainly used in the treatment of diseases of digestive system, respiratory system, rheumatic disease, trauma, snake and insect bite and other external diseases. This study showed that Xishuangbanna has rich resources of ethnic medicinal plants. The ethnic medicine culture with Dai medicine as the main part has a long history and diversified theories, forming a unique ethnic characteristic culture. However, all ethnic medicine resources and the application of traditional knowledge are faced with the risk of gradually decreasing, it is suggested to strengthen the mining, Xishuangbanna folk medicine of ethnic culture protection and inheri-tance, and to develop regional economy and the international community has a positive influence.

关 键 词：傣族 哈尼族 基诺族 佤族 拉祜族 布朗族 民族药 应用 

分 类 号：R29[医药卫生—民族医学]