女职工心理健康现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis on the current situation and influencing factors of mental health among female employees

作　　者：李广益[1] 俞文兰[2] 王敏[1] 邹建芳[3] 徐茗[2] 邢再玲[2] 于常艳[2] Li Guangyi;Yu Wenlan;Wang Min;Zou Jianfang;Xu Ming;Xing Zailing;Yu Changyan(Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zibo 255026,China;Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Shandong Academy of Occupational Medicine,Jinan 250062,China)

机构地区：[1]淄博市疾病预防控制中心,255026 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [3]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院,济南250062

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2020年第10期753-756,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：社科基金人口学项目(18BRK038);山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2019WS302)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国不同产业类型女职工心理健康状况,探讨年龄、家庭人均收入、工作时间等因素对女职工心理健康的影响。方法于2016年5至7月,对15个省(自治区、直辖市)不同行业的女职工开展横断面调查,共发放60230份调查问卷,收回有效问卷57777份,问卷有效率为95.9%。调查内容包括基本情况和症状自评量表等。计量资料经正态性检验符合正态分布,用x±s表示;计数资料率的比较采用χ^2检验;采用非条件logistic回归分析影响因素。结果不同年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭人均收入、产业分类、工作时间及是否经常夜班等不同因素分组的女职工心理健康问题检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。心理健康问题阳性率前3位的因子依次为强迫症状(23.7%)、忧郁(16.0%)和人际关系敏感(15.4%)。年龄、文化程度、家庭人均收入、产业分类、工作时间、经常夜班等因素对女职工心理健康问题发生风险的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄30~39岁、年龄40~49岁、学历高中至大专、学历本科及以上、从事第三产业、工作时间8~9 h/d、工作时间9~11/d h、工作时间>11 h/d、经常夜班的女职工心理健康问题的发生风险均增高(OR=1.199、1.187、1.296、1.539、1.236、1.674、1.601、1.358、1.393,P<0.05)。结论女职工心理健康问题仍然严重,应采取有效的健康促进措施切实提高女职工心理健康水平。Objective To understand the mental health status of female workers in different industries in China,and to explore the influence of age,family per capita income,working hours and other factors on the mental health of female employees.Methods From May to July 2016,a cluster sampling survey was conducted among female workers from 15 Provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government)in different industries.A total of 60230 questionnaires were distributed and 57777 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective rate of 95.9%.The survey included the basic information and Symptom Self-assessment Scale,etc.The measured data were in accordance with the normal distribution by normality test and were expressed as x±s.The rates of counting data were compared using the χ^2 test.And unconditioned logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results There were significant differences in the detection rates of mental health problems among female employees of different ages,marital status,education level,family per capita income,industry classification,working hours,and frequent night shifts(P<0.01).The top 3 factors of positive mental health problems were obsessive-compulsive symptoms(23.7%),depression(16.0%)and interpersonal sensitivity(15.4%).The factors such as age,education level,family per capita income,industry classification,working hours and frequent night shifts had statistical significances on the risk of female employees'mental health problems(P<0.05).Female employees aged 30-39,aged 40-49,with high school education to junior college,bachelor degree or above,engaged in tertiary industry,working time of 8-9 h/d,working time of 9-11 h/d,working time of more than 11 h/d and regular night shifts had higher risk of mental health problems(OR=1.199,1.187,1.296,1.539,1.236,1.674,1.601,1.358,1.393,P<0.05).Conclusion The mental health problems of female workers are still serious,we should pay attention to the illegal long-term work and night-shift work,and take ef

关 键 词：心理健康 女职工 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]