多种接触评估方法在电镀企业三氯乙烯职业健康风险评估中的应用  

Application of multiple exposure assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment of trichloroethylene in electroplating enterprises

作　　者：赵转地 张胜 陈金茹 符雄霞 朱丽华 苏世标[2] Zhao Zhuandi;Zhang Sheng;Chen Jinru;Fu Xiongxia;Zhu Lihua;Su Shibiao(Songgang Health Inspection and Prevention Institute,Shenzhen 518105,China;Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳宝安区松岗预防保健所,518105 [2]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广州510300

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2020年第10期782-786,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2011B031900005);深圳市宝安区医疗卫生基础研究项目(2020JD115)。

摘　　要：目的探讨不同接触评估方法在电镀企业三氯乙烯(TCE)作业岗位职业健康风险评估中的适用性。方法于2018年11月,选取深圳市宝安区某街道仍在使用TCE作为清洗剂且使用量相对较大的6家电镀加工企业的6个接触TCE的作业岗位进行现场调查及检测。采用定性、半定量(包括接触比值法、接触指数法和综合指数法)和定量评估法(包括非致癌和致癌风险评估法)对作业岗位进行职业健康风险评估,并对不同方法的评估结果进行比较。结果定性评估法结果均为4级(高风险);接触比值法显示风险等级均为5级(极高风险);接触指数法和综合指数法显示,两者风险等级均为3级(中等风险)和4级(高风险),分别占66.7%和33.3%;非致癌风险评估结果中TCE作业岗位均为"不可接受";致癌风险评估结果中致癌的吸入超额风险为"不可接受"和"可接受"的各占50%;6家企业中,采用6种风险评估方法结果"基本一致"的3家,"部分一致"的1家,"不一致"的2家。结论综合指数法和致癌风险评估法在TCE作业岗位职业健康风险评估中较为适用。Objective To explore the applicability of different exposure assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment of trichloroethylene(TCE)occupation posts in electroplating enterprise.Methods In November 2018,the occupational health risk assessments are conducted in trichloroethylene(TCE)occupation posts of 6 metal plating enterprises in a street in Shenzhen by using the qualitative risk assessment,semi-quantitative risk assessment(including contact ratio method,contact index method and synthesis index method)and quantitative risk assessment method(including non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment methods),and the results of different methods are compared.Results The results of qualitative assessment method are all level 4(high risk);the results of contact ratio method show that the risk level is level 5(very high risk);the results of contact index method and Synthesis index method show that the risk level is level 3 and level 4,66.7% and 33.3%respectively;Non-carcinogenic risk assessment results show that TCE jobs are"unacceptable";carcinogenic risk assessment results in carcinogenic inhalation excess risk of 50% each being"unacceptable"and"acceptable".The results of the six risk assessment methods showed that there were 3"substantially consistent",1"partially consistent",and 2"inconsistent"among the 6 companies.Conclusion Synthesis index method and the carcinogenic risk assessment method are more suitable for occupational health risks of TCE occupation posts.

关 键 词：电镀 三氯乙烯 接触评估 职业健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]