生态袋护坡技术在三峡水库消落带植被恢复中应用的可行性研究  

Potential of ecological bag slope protection technology in vegetation restoration in the water level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：简尊吉 郭泉水[1] 马凡强[1] 秦爱丽[1] 程瑞梅[1] 肖文发[1] 康义 梁洪海 JIAN Zunji;GUO Quanshui;MA Fanqiang;QIN Aili;CHENG Ruimei;XIAO Wenfa;KANG Yi;LIANG Honghai(Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of national Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm of Hebei,Chengde 068450,China;Wushan Bureau of Forestry,Chongqing 404700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [2]河北省塞罕坝机械林场,承德068450 [3]重庆市巫山县林业局,重庆404700

出　　处：《生态学报》2020年第21期7941-7951,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD07B040301)。

摘　　要：通过对三峡水库重庆市巫山县双龙镇和巫峡镇段消落带开展生态袋护坡复绿试验7年后,生态袋上(内)、生态袋堆叠处上方和左侧消落带狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)的种群密度、表型生长性状、地上和地下生物质量,以及土壤理化性质的测定,探讨以狗牙根为生态袋上的种植植物,将生态袋护坡技术用于三峡水库消落带植被恢复的可行性。结果表明:(1)各试验地生态袋上与其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带的狗牙根种群密度和地上生物质量差异不显著。(2)狗牙根的表型生长性状和根系生物质量因地和在生态袋堆叠处的方位不同而异。在双龙镇试验地,生态袋上比其堆叠处上方消落带上狗牙根的植株长度和节间长度低23.9%和22.6%(P<0.05),除此之外的各项指标差异均不显著;生态袋内0—5 cm土层的根系生物质量比其堆叠处上方消落带增加了75.7%(P<0.05),比其堆叠处左侧消落带降低了11.8%,在5—15 cm各土层降低了91.6%—96.9%(P<0.05),15—20 cm土层的差异不显著。在巫峡镇试验地,生态袋上与其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带的各表型生长性状的差异均不显著;生态袋内各土层的根系生物质量均比其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带增加了20.0%—138.7%。(3)各试验地生态袋内与其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带土壤容重的差异不显著,土壤化学性质因地和在生态袋堆叠处的方位不同而异。在双龙镇试验地,生态袋内的土壤全氮和速效氮含量比其堆叠处上方消落带分别降低了13.6%和40.9%(P<0.05),比其堆叠处左侧消落带分别降低了11.9%和33.0%(P<0.05);速效钾含量比其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带分别增加了18.3%和34.1%(P<0.05);除此之外各指标的差异均不显著。在巫峡镇试验地,生态袋内的土壤pH值和全氮含量比其堆叠处上方消落带分别降低了1.4%和27.9%(P<0.05),全钾含量增加了6.1%(P<0.05);土壤全钾和速效钾含量比生态袋堆叠处左侧�Vegetation restoration in the water level fluctuation zone(WLFZ)is vital for maintaining the health and stability of the Three Gorges Reservoir.Many technical methods(i.e.planted species and concrete-engineered methods)of vegetation restoration were performed in this zone.However,these methods are not suitable for the WLFZ with repeated collapse and soil erosion.To evaluate the potential of ecological-bag(eco-bag)slope protection technology,an effective method for slope fixation and re-greening in various environments,population characteristics(density,morphological traits and biomass)of Cynodon dactylon,and physicochemical indicators of soil on/in the eco-bag and around the eco-bag stacking(upper and left sides)at two plots(Shuanglong and Wuxia)in Wushan County of Chongqing Municipality were investigated after 7-year of experimental setup.The results showed that population density and aboveground biomass at two plots were no significant differences between on the eco-bag and around the eco-bag stacking.However,morphological traits and root biomass varied with different plots and positions.In Shuanglong plot,length and inter-node length of C.dactylon on the eco-bag decreased by 23.9%and 22.6%than those around the upper side of the eco-bag stacking,respectively(P<0.05).Root biomass of 0—5 cm in the eco-bag was 75.7%more than around the upper side of the eco-bag stacking(P<0.05),while was 11.8%lower than around the left side of the eco-bag stacking.And root biomass of 5—15 cm in the eco-bag were lower than around the eco-bag stacking,with proportion of 91.6%—96.9%.In Wuxia plot,root biomass of 0—20 cm in the eco-bag increased by 20.0%—138.7%than around the eco-bag stacking,while there were no significant differences in morphological traits and aboveground biomass.Additionally,soil chemical indicators also changed with different plots and positions.In Shuanglong plot,soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen in eco-bag was significantly lower than that around the eco-bag stacking,with proportion of 11.9%�

关 键 词：三峡水库 消落带 植被恢复 生态袋护坡技术 狗牙根 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]