基于坡度—汇水面积关系的黄土浅沟与切沟沟头形成敏感区模拟  

Sensitive Area Simulation of Ephemeral and Permanent Gullies Based on Slope-Area Relationship in the Loess Region

作　　者：刘欣 王春梅 庞国伟[1,2] 龙永清 王雷[1,2] LIU Xin;WANG Chunmei;PANG Guowei;LONG Yongqing;WANG Lei(Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China;College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127

出　　处：《山地学报》2020年第5期658-667,共10页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41977062,41601290);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0800502)。

摘　　要：黄土高原侵蚀沟治理是黄河流域高质量发展中面临的重要问题。本研究以坡面侵蚀沟中的浅沟、切沟为研究对象,基于高分辨率无人机航摄和野外高精度实测,以陕北子洲岔巴沟典型小流域为研究区,得到沟头坡度—汇水面积关系曲线,构建了沟头形成的地形临界模型,进行沟头形成敏感区模拟。结果表明:(1)浅沟、切沟沟头形成临界模型分别为:S≥0.6073A-0.142,S≥1.2065A-0.229;(2)综合运用沟头形成临界模型和流域坡度—汇水面积关系曲线可较为准确地预测浅沟、切沟沟头形成敏感区与非敏感区,浅沟、切沟沟头预测准确度分别为91.43%和71.79%,非沟头区域预测准确度为98.44%。研究结果可为黄土侵蚀沟防治提供技术支撑。Gully erosion is severe in the Loess Plateau of North China,where gully location modeling remains a challenge.The objective of this study was to explore the methodology for modeling ephemeral gullies(EGs)and permanent gullies(PGs)in gully-sensitive areas in a watershed located in Zizhou,Shaanxi Province.The critical topographic threshold model based on the slope-area relationship was employed as the primary method.High-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photography and high-precision field measures were utilized as data sources.The critical topographic models were S≥0.6073A-0.142 for EGs,and S≥1.2065A-0.229 for PGs.The gully head prediction accuracies for EGs and PGs were 91.43%and 71.79%,respectively,and the prediction accuracy for the non-gully head area was 98.44%.The results improve our understanding of the gully formation and may support gully erosion conservation in the loess region.

关 键 词：无人机 侵蚀沟 沟头 数字高程模型 黄土高原 

分 类 号：P91[天文地球—自然地理学]