民法典视野下建设用地使用权分层设立制度的实施路径  

On the Implementation of the Stratification Mode of the Use Right of Construction Land

作　　者：张鹏[1] Zhang Peng(Ph.D.in Law,Professor of Kenneth Wang School of Law of Soochow University)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2020年第6期1-12,191,共13页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社科项目“空间建设用地使用权制度研究”(13BFX108)最终成果之一;江苏省区域法治发展协同创新中心资助。

摘　　要：建设用途的空间使用权存在“地上权——次地上权模式”“普通地上权——区分地上权模式”“空间使用权分层模式”三种立法思路。鉴于我国土地公有制国情,2007年《物权法》选择了“空间使用权分层模式”,《民法典》物权编完整保留了该制度。这一模式实施的关键在于确定各类(地表、地上空间、地下空间)建设用地使用权的“竖向界限”。但是,由于缺少实际可行的操作方案,以及现实中立体开发土地需求不旺盛等原因,理论和实务中“预先确定”建设用地使用权竖向界限的努力,均告失败。反思另外两种模式的制度优势,我们可以转换思维,借助于土地管理实践中的“用地复核验收制度”等,以“事后确认”建设用地使用权竖向界限的方式,真正激活“建设用地使用权分层设立”制度。There are three legislative ideas on the right to use space for construction purposes:“the space superficies—sub-superficies mode”,“general space superficies-distinguishing superficies mode”and“space use rights stratification mode”.Based on China’s public ownership of land,the Property Law of 2007 selected the“space use rights stratification mode”.The key to this model is to determine the“vertical boundary”of the use rights of various types of land(surface,above-ground space,underground space).However,due to the lack of practical operational schemes and the fact that the demand for three-dimensional development land is not strong,the efforts to“predetermine”the vertical boundaries of construction land use rights in both theoretical and realistic aspects have all failed.The formulation of the Property Rights in Civil Law is just around the corner,and in light of China’s national conditions,we shall still adhere to the idea of“the stratification mode of the use right of construction land”.At the same time,taking the“acceptance system for construction land”in the practice of land management as a reference,we shall transform our thinking in to implementing the system of the stratification mode of the use rights of construction land in Property Law,by“post confirming”the vertical boundaries of the rights to use construction land.

关 键 词：空间使用权 建设用地使用权分层设立 空间竖向界限 用地复核验收 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]