利用居民地建筑物数据和高分遥感影像评估地震烈度的方法初探  

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES

作　　者：郭建兴[1] 张宇翔[1] 姬建中[1] 袁小祥[2] 肖本夫 GUO Jian-xing;ZHANG Yu-xiang;JI Jian-zhong;YUAN Xiao-xiang;XIAO Ben-fu(Shaanxi Earthquake Agency,Xi'an 710068,China;Institute of Earthquake Science,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China;Sichuan Earthquake Agency,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省地震局,西安710068 [2]中国地震局地震预测研究所,北京100036 [3]四川省地震局,成都610041

出　　处：《地震地质》2020年第4期968-980,共13页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目(XH18045Y);陕西省地震局“十三五”重点项目“地震应急响应辅助决策系统建设”;2017年地震应急青年重点任务(CEA_EDEM-201715)共同资助。

摘　　要：地震发生后,政府和社会对地震烈度评定工作的时效性要求越来越高,而遥感作为地震灾情获取的重要手段之一,在地震应急救援工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文中在前人研究的基础上,提出了一种利用遥感影像结合居民地建筑数据评估地震烈度的方法模型:在已知居民地建筑物数据的情况下,利用群体震害预测方法,构建居民地房屋倒塌率与地震烈度之间的关系模型;震后利用高分辨率遥感影像解译居民地房屋的倒塌率,并与倒塌率预测模型进行比对,反推该居民地遭遇的地震烈度。利用本方法对玉树县城内相邻但破坏情况相差巨大的2个街区进行了烈度计算,计算结果与现场科考结果一致。经验证,在利用遥感手段评估地震烈度时,本方法能有效避免由建筑抗震性能差异造成的影响,可较准确地评估地震烈度,在地震应急工作中具有一定的应用价值。After destructive earthquakes,the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue,recovery and reconstruction.This job requires higher timeliness by government and society.Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake,large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image.The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information,emergency rescue decision-making,seismic intensity assessment and other work.On the basis of previous studies,this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image,i.e.to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images.If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area,we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction.Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data,it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event.Based on this idea,according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration,this paper puts forward some functional models,such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing,the data matrix model of residential building structure,the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate.A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed.To test and verify the proposed method,this paper takes two neighbori

关 键 词：居民地 遥感 倒塌率 地震应急 地震烈度 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]