地基空间碎片激光测距技术发展与应用(特邀)  

Development and Application for Ground-based Space Debris Laser Ranging(Invited)

作　　者：张海峰[1,2] 龙明亮 邓华荣[1,2] 吴志波 程少宇[4] 李朴 张忠萍[1,2,3] ZHANG Hai-feng;LONG Ming-liang;DENG Hua-rong;WU Zhi-bo;CHENG Shao-yu;LI Pu;ZHANG Zhong-ping(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;Key Laboratory of Space Object and Debris Observation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]中国科学院空间目标与碎片观测重点实验室,南京210008 [3]华东师范大学精密光谱科学与技术国家重点实验室,上海200062 [4]上海大学,上海200444

出　　处：《光子学报》2020年第11期45-58,共14页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.U1631240);上海市自然科学基金面上项目(No.20ZR1467500);中国科学院重点部署项目(No.ZDRWKT-2019-3-6)。

摘　　要：随着航天航空技术的快速发展,环绕地球轨道空间碎片数量迅速增加,占用了有限的轨道资源,同时威胁在轨运行航天器的安全,其陨落也对人们构成严重恐慌.激光测距具有波长短、发散角小、方向性好、单色性好、抗干扰强等特点,能显著提升空间碎片轨道与姿态测定精度.本文对空间碎片激光测距做出较全面的理论分析,从激光工作模式、回波探测与接收等方面介绍目前研究现状及技术与应用情况,对正在发展的千赫兹重复率脉冲串模式、百千赫兹脉冲群收发交替模式空间碎片激光测距技术特点,以及空间碎片白天激光测量技术进行阐述.提出将超高重复频率激光测距技术应用在空间碎片激光测距上,为进一步提高空间碎片激光测距能力提供一种新方法.Space debris is increasing rapidly owing to the rapid development of aerospace technology,which occupies limited orbital resources and threatens the safety of spacecraft in orbit,even the falling of space debris also poses a serious scare to people.The laser ranging has the characteristics of short wavelength,small divergence angle,good direction,good monochromaticity,strong anti-interference and so on.It can significantly improve the accuracy of space debris orbit determination.This paper makes a more comprehensive theoretical analysis for the space debris laser ranging.The technological development process of space debris laser ranging is described from the aspects of laser mode,signal detection and reception and so on.The development of the space debris laser ranging technology of the kilohertz repetition rate of pulse bursts mode and the 100 kilohertz pulse bursts transceiver alternate mode is discussed,and daytime laser measurement techniques of space debris are explained.Ultra-high repetition rate laser ranging technology would be applied in space debris laser ranging,it provides a new method for the further improvement of space debris laser ranging capabilities.

关 键 词：空间碎片 激光测距 单光子探测 多望远镜 高重复频率 

分 类 号：P215[天文地球—测绘科学与技术] TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]