论中国《民法典》上的债权人代位权  

On the Creditor’s Right of Subrogation in China’s Civil Code

作　　者：崔建远[1] Cui Jianyuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《社会科学》2020年第11期92-100,共9页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：债权人代位权的成立包括债务人怠于行使其到期债权及其从权利、债权人到期债权的实现受到不利影响两个要件。此处所谓债权,包括债权本体及其变形和权能。对所谓从权利也宜从宽解释。所谓"影响债权人的到期债权实现",相较"对债权造成损害"在表达上更准确,兼顾了多项规则或措施。应当采取"无资力说""特定物债权说"并行而立且各自适用的模式来认定债权人的到期债权受到影响。应当以债务人现实可控的财产为限判断其是否陷入无资力状态,而非以债务人的责任财产额与负债总额的差距作为判断依据。中国《民法典》原则上坚持代位权人的债权具有优先受偿效力,但受到一定的限制,此仍有待完善。有必要通过解释论予以适当矫正。The establishment of the creditor’s right of subrogation includes two elements.The first is that the debtor is negligent in exercising its creditor’s right due to it and its subordinate rights.The second is that the realization of the creditor’s mature claims is adversely affected.The so-called creditor’s right here includes the creditor’s right noumenon and its deformation and functions.The rights of subordination should also be interpreted leniently."Affecting the realization of creditors’mature claims"is more accurate in expression than"causing damage to creditors’claims",taking into account a number of rules or measures.We should adopt the models of"the theory of insolvency"and"the theory of specific property claims"which are parallel and applicable respectively to determine that the creditors’mature claims are affected.Whether the debtor is in a state of insolvency should be judged based on the actual controllable property of the debtor,rather than the difference between the amount of the debtor’s liability property and the total amount of his liabilities.In principle,China’s civil code insists that the creditor’s right of subrogation has the priority to be paid,but it is subject to certain restrictions,which still needs to be improved.It is necessary to correct it by interpretation.

关 键 词：债权人代位权 无资力说 特定物债权说 入库规则 优先受偿权 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]