2020年长江流域洪涝灾害后血吸虫病传播风险分析  

Assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk along the Yangtze River basin after the flood disaster in 2020

作　　者：张利娟[1] 祝红庆[1] 王强[1] 吕山[1] 许静[1] 李石柱[1] ZHANG Li-Juan;ZHU Hong-Qing;WANG Qiang;LÜShan;XU Jing;LI Shi-Zhu(National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,Ministry of Science and Technology,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of National Health Commission,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所、WHO热带病合作中心、国家热带病研究中心、科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心、国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海200025

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2020年第5期464-468,475,共6页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10101002-002);科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101203)。

摘　　要：目的了解2020年长江流域洪涝灾害对血吸虫病传播的影响,为洪涝灾害发生地区血吸虫病防控提供依据。方法收集2013-2019年湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏等5个血吸虫病流行省份(湖区5省)人群和家畜血吸虫感染、钉螺分布等疫情资料,以及相关水域警戒水位、实际水情等数据。以流行县(市、区)为单位,统计2013-2019年湖区5省累计血吸虫病粪检阳性人数和阳性牛数、2019年钉螺分布面积、2020年7月12日水位等数据,并以此为风险等级评估指标,计算各项风险指标累加值,分析血吸虫病传播综合风险水平。结果2020年长江流域洪涝灾害发生后,湖区5省基于粪检阳性人数、粪检阳性牛数、钉螺分布等单项风险指标的血吸虫病传播高风险流行县(市、区)分别有10、5个和9个;基于综合风险指标的5级和4级血吸虫病传播风险流行县(市、区)分别有10个(湖南省洞庭湖区8个、江西省鄱阳湖区2个)和15个(湖北省4个、湖南省7个、江西省4个)。结论洞庭湖区和鄱阳湖区是受2020年洪涝灾害影响最严重的血吸虫病流行区,洪涝灾害可能加剧这些地区血吸虫病传播和流行;需加强灾后血吸虫病防控工作,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。Objective To evaluate the impact of the flood disaster on schistosomiasis transmission along the Yangtze River basin in 2020,so as to provide insights into schistosomiasis prevention and control in flood.affected areas.Methods The data pertaining to the endemic situation of schistosomiasis were collected from 5 provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui and Jiangsu from 2013 to 2019,including Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans and livestock and snail distribution,and the warn.ing water levels and actual water status were collected in water regions locating in these 5 provinces.The cumulative numbers of S.japonicum egg-positive individuals and bovines during the period from 2013 to 2019,the area of snail habitats in 2019 and the water level on July 12,2020 were estimated at a county level and employed as parameters for classification of schistosomiasis transmission risk.Then,the cumulative value of each risk index was calculated to assess the risk of schistosomiasis transmission risk.Results After the flood disaster along the Yangtze River basin in 2020,there were 10,5 and 9 counties(districts)at high risk of schistosomiasis transmission in 5 provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui and Jiangsu based on number of egg-positive individuals,number of egg-positive bovines and snail distribution,respectively.Based on comprehensive risk indices,there were 10(8 in Dongting Lake regions of Hunan Province and 2 in Poyang Lake regions of Jiangxi Province)and 15 counties(districts)(4 in Hubei Province,7 in Hunan Province and 4 in Jiangxi Province)identified at grades 5 and 4 risk of schistosomiasis trans.mission.Conclusions Dongting Lake regions and Poyang Lake regions are the most severely flood-affected schistosomiasis.en.demic foci of China in 2020,and the flood disaster may facilitate the transmission of schistosomiasis in affected areas.Therefore,schistosomiasis control requires to be intensified after the flood disaster to prevent the rebound of the disease.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 洪涝灾害 传播风险 长江流域 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]