小麦||蚕豆间作提高间作产量的优势及其氮肥响应  

Wheat and faba bean intercropping to improve yield and response to nitrogen

作　　者：任家兵[1] 张梦瑶 肖靖秀[1] 郑毅[1,2] 汤利 REN Jiabing;ZHANG Mengyao;XIAO Jingxiu;ZHENG Yi;TANG Li(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Open University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]云南开放大学,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2020年第12期1890-1900,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760615);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD02002007);云南省科技人才与平台计划(2019IC026)资助。

摘　　要：为探明小麦||蚕豆间作体系种间互补和竞争与产量优势的关系及其氮肥响应,为豆科禾本科间作最佳氮素管理提供指导,本研究通过为期2年(2015—2017年)的田间定位试验,在不施氮(N0)、低氮(N1,90 kg·hm−2)、常规施氮(N2,180 kg·hm−2)和高氮(N3,270 kg·hm−2)4个施氮水平下,研究小麦||蚕豆间作的产量优势及其相关种间关系。结果表明,与单作相比,两年的间作小麦产量平均显著增加23.50%,单、间作蚕豆的产量均维持在4000 kg·hm−2左右,土地当量比均表现为N0>N1>N2>N3>1的趋势,系统生产力平均达5023 kg·hm−2。与单作相比,间作小麦和蚕豆的花后干物质累积比例、干物质转移率和贡献率均不同程度增加,增幅随着施氮量增加而降低。不同施氮水平下,小麦的种间相对关系指数均表现出明显的互利效应,相对种间竞争强度在低氮水平为种内竞争,常规氮和高氮水平为种间竞争;蚕豆的种间相对关系指数则表现出竞争效应,相对种间竞争强度表现为种内竞争。较蚕豆而言,小麦的相对种间竞争力表现出不同程度的竞争优势,在种间竞争力为0.6292时可获得最大的间作体系混合干物质量16093 kg·hm−2。综上,小麦||蚕豆间作降低了低氮水平下的种间竞争强度,扩大了小麦的互利效应和竞争优势,增加了间作作物的花后干物质累积比例以及干物质贡献率,表现出明显的间作产量优势。The wheat and faba bean intercropping system improves crop yield.However,there are few systematic reports on the relationship between the yield advantage and the interspecific interaction and its response to nitrogen fertilizer.Nitrogen applications were tested to improve nitrogen management in intercropped legumes and grasses,gather information on efficient nutrient use,and determine the interspecific influence on wheat and faba bean yields.The field positioning test was conducted from 2015 to 2017 to study yield advantages and interspecies relationship of wheat||faba bean intercropping system under various nitrogen application levels:no nitrogen(N0),low nitrogen(N1,90 kg·hm−2),conventional nitrogen(N2,180 kg·hm−2),and high nitrogen(N3,270 kg·hm−2).Compared with monocropped wheat,the intercropped wheat yield was significantly higher in all treatments[2016:24.55%(N0),20.71%(N1),19.92%(N2),16.77%(N3);2017:35.89%(N0),28.63%(N1),23.32%(N2),18.25%(N3)].The mono and intercropped faba bean yields were both around 4000 kg·hm−2.The land equivalent ratio of the intercropping system under different nitrogen levels was N0>N1>N2>N3>1,and the average intercropping productivity reached 5023 kg·hm−2 in two years.The intercropped wheat dry matter accumulation ratio after flowering,transfer rate,and contribution rate increased by 37.68%,7.95%,and 10.59%,respectively,and the intercropped faba beans increased by 19.66%,41.43%,and 17.64%,respectively,compared with the monocultured crops.The increase rate decreased as nitrogen increased,and the intercropped wheat dry matter accumulation ratio after flowering was significantly different at N2 and N3 levels in 2016.The average wheat relative interaction indexes were 0.13(N0),0.11(N1),0.10(N2),and 0.08(N3),showing mutually beneficial effects,but the faba bean indices were−0.008(N0),−0.03(N1),−0.08(N2),and−0.08(N3),indicating a competitive effect.The average wheat relative competition intensity values were−0.19(N0),−0.08(N1),0.21(N2),and 0.32(N3),indicating int

关 键 词：小麦||蚕豆间作 种内竞争 种间竞争 种间互补 间作产量优势 施氮水平 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S643.6