基于EPG的三种刺吸式害虫在苹果苗上的取食行为比较  

EPG-based comparison of feeding behaviors of three piercing-sucking pests on apple seedlings

作　　者：周昊 李钰 滕子文 杜凌君 万方浩 周洪旭[1] ZHOU Hao;LI Yu;TENG Zi-Wen;DU Ling-Jun;WAN Fang-Hao;ZHOU Hong-Xu(Key Laboratory of Integrated Plant Disease and Pest Control,China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health,College of Botanical Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518120,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学植物医学学院,山东省植物病虫害综合防控实验室,中澳农业与环境健康联合研究院,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因研究所,广东深圳518120

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2020年第10期1207-1214,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31772232);山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC0214);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1201200);山东省“泰山学者”建设工程专项经费。

摘　　要：【目的】苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、绣线菊蚜Aphis citricola和梨网蝽Stephanitis nashi是苹果园的一类重要害虫,它们以刺吸式口器对苹果树造成不同程度的危害。本研究旨在明确这3种刺吸式昆虫在苹果树上取食行为差异。【方法】利用刺吸电位(electrical penetration graph, EPG)技术对苹果绵蚜和绣线菊蚜成虫在苹果苗韧皮部和非韧皮部上的EPG指标,以及苹果绵蚜、绣线菊蚜和梨网蝽成虫在苹果苗上的取食行为进行了比较分析,分析了这3种害虫的成虫在苹果苗上取食8 h各种波形平均持续时间的占比。【结果】结果表明,苹果绵蚜和绣线菊蚜成蚜在苹果苗上均产生6种取食波形,即非刺探波(np)、路径波(C)、意外穿刺细胞非主动取食细胞波(pd)、木质部取食波(G)、韧皮部唾液分泌波(E1)和韧皮部取食波(E2);而梨网蝽成虫取食过程中只产生非刺探波(np)、表皮刺穿波(A)、叶肉细胞取食波(Gc)和木质部取食波(E)4种波形。从蚜虫在苹果苗非韧皮部上取食的EPG指标看,苹果绵蚜成蚜pd波平均时间显著高于绣线菊蚜的,而刺探次数、np波总时间和pd波次数均显著低于绣线菊蚜的。从蚜虫在苹果苗韧皮部上取食的EPG指标来看,除第1次出现E2波的时间外,各指标没有显著差异。从3种害虫在苹果苗上取食8 h各波形的占比来看,梨网蝽成虫的np波总时间所占比例最高(53%),其次是绣线菊蚜成虫的(24%),苹果绵蚜成虫的最低(为1%)。同时,苹果绵蚜和绣线菊蚜成虫取食波为E2波,所占总时间比例分别为35%和25%,而梨网蝽的取食波为Gc波(占总时间比例为36%)和E波(占总时间比例为11%)。【结论】本研究阐释了苹果园刺吸式口器害虫的生态位分离和取食行为学机制,为果园刺吸式口器害虫的综合治理提供了理论依据。【Aim】Eriosoma lanigerum,Aphis citricola and Stephanitis nashi are important insect pests in apple orchards,and cause different degrees of damages to apple trees by piercing-sucking mouthparts.This study aims to explore the differences of feeding behaviors of the three piercing-sucking insects on apple tree.【Methods】The EPG parameters of E.lanigerum and A.citricola adults in the phloem and non-phloem of apple seedlings and the feeding behaviors of E.lanigerum,A.citricola and S.nashi adults on apple seedlings were compared by using the electrical penetration graph(EPG)technique.At the same time,the proportions of the average duration of various waveforms of the adults of the three pests feeding on apple seedlings for 8 h were also analyzed.【Results】There are six types of sucking waveforms produced by E.lanigerum and A.citricola adults on apple seedlings,i.e.,the non-penetration(np)wave,stylet pathway phase wave(C),intracellular feeding wave(pd),xylem feeding wave(G),release of saliva into the phloem wave(E1)and ingestion from phloem wave(E2),while there are four types of sucking waveforms produced by S.nashi adults,i.e.,the non-penetration(np)wave,surface piercing wave(A),mesophyll cell feeding wave(Gc),and xylem feeding wave(E).According to the EPG parameters of aphids in the non-phloem of apple seedlings,the average duration of pd wave of E.lanigerum adults was significantly longer than that of A.citricola adults,but the count of probes,total time of np wave and count of pd waves of E.lanigerum adults were significantly lower than those of A.citricola adults.According to the EPG parameters of aphids in the phloem of apple seedlings,there was no significant difference in every parameter except the time from the first probe to the first E2.According to the proportions of duration of various waveforms of three pests feeding on apple seedlings,the proportion of the total time of np waves of S.nashi adults was the highest(53%),followed by that of A.citricola adults(24%),and that of E.lanigerum adults was t

关 键 词：苹果绵蚜 绣线菊蚜 梨网蝽 刺吸式昆虫 苹果 取食行为 刺吸电位 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]