西藏哲古措2种土著鱼类消化道寄生蠕虫的群落结构及感染状况  

Community structure and seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths in two native fish species in Lake Chugutso, Tibet

作　　者：潘瑛子 付佩佩 周建设 刘飞 王且鲁 扎西拉姆 陈美群 王万良 PAN Yingzi;FU Peipei;ZHOU Jianshe;LIU Fei;WANG Qielu;Tashilhamo;CHEN Meiqun;WANG Wanliang(Institute of Fishery Sciences,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Tibet Native Fish Breeding and Utilization Technology Engineering Research Center,Lhasa 850032,China;Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所,西藏土著鱼类繁育与利用技术工程研究中心,西藏拉萨850032 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,农业部水产养殖病害防控重点实验室,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2020年第11期1295-1304,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(XZ2018ZRG-42);农业农村部财政专项(西藏重点水域渔业资源与环境调查).

摘　　要：为了解西藏哲古措土著鱼类消化道寄生蠕虫的群落结构及季节动态,于2018年9月(秋季)和12月(冬季)、2019年3月(春季)和6月(夏季)对哲古措进行了4个季节的采样调查。共采集到2种土著鱼类,分别为高原裸鲤(Gymnocypris waddellii)和异尾高原鳅(Triplophysa stewartii),与原来的记录不同。在高原裸鲤的消化道中采集到了5种寄生蠕虫,分别为聂氏拟短结绦虫(Parabreviscolex niepini)、新棘吻虫未定种(Neoechinorhynchus sp.)、异肉吸虫未定种(Allocreadium sp.)、对盲囊线虫未定种线虫(Contracaecum sp.)和束首线虫未定种(Streptocara sp.),并对形态特征进行了描述。本研究发现,哲古措土著鱼类消化道寄生蠕虫的物种组成具有一定地域性,大部分为广布性寄生虫,鸟类在其传播过程中起到了重要作用。经过分析,高原裸鲤消化道寄生蠕虫群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.70~1.27,显示了较高的群落多样性,Berger-Parker优势度指数为0.38~0.76,优势群为线虫。线虫表现出一定的季节消长规律:秋季为周年最高,冬季下降,春季上升,夏季降至最低,推测与水温、中间宿主的种群数量、线虫的生命周期和鱼类宿主繁殖期的行为等有关。复殖吸虫、绦虫和棘头虫四季的感染率均在10%以内浮动,平均丰度也较低。异尾高原鳅的消化道中未发现任何寄生蠕虫,推测与宿主肠道空间大小、摄食量和分布空间的差异有关。本研究通过对西藏湖泊土著鱼类寄生蠕虫的调查与分析,旨在为深入了解西藏寄生虫的组成特点、研究青藏高原隆升对寄生虫与鱼类宿主协同进化提供基础理论依据。To understand the community structure and seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths of native fishes in Lake Chugutso, Tibet, four seasons of sampling investigation were conducted in September(Autumn) and December(winter) 2018, March(spring) and June(summer) 2019. Two native fish species, Gymnocypris waddellii and Triplophysa stewartii, were collected, which were different from the original records. Five different gastrointestinal helminths were found in G. waddellii, including Parabreviscolex niepini, Neoechinorhynchus sp., Alloclonium sp., Contracaecum sp., and Streptacera sp., Their morphological characteristics were described, and structure diagrams of some species were drawn. We found that the gastrointestinal helminth composition of G. waddellii in Chugusto Lake was regimal and most are widespread parasites, where birds play an important role in their transmission. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index for gastrointestinal helminths of G. waddellii was 0.70–1.27. Compared with the species number and diversity index of gastrointestinal helminths in lakes and reservoirs from other regions of China, they were relatively abundant species and showed a high community diversity, although there were fewer native fish species in Chugusto Lake. The Berger-Parker dominance index was 0.38– 0.76, and nematodes were the dominant group. The numbers of nematode population dynamics showed certain seasonality: the highest abundance in autumn and lowest in summer, with a decrease in winter, and increase in spring. It is possible that the nematode population dynamics is related to water temperature, number of intermediate hosts, nematode life cycle, and fish host behavior during the breeding period. The infection rates of digenea, cestodes, and acanthocephalans were <10% in four seasons, and the mean abundance was also low. Freezing temperatures and hypothermia in winter may limit the number of intermediate host populations, and result in low infection rates and mean abundance of gastrointestinal parasites. No gastroint

关 键 词：哲古措 土著鱼类 寄生蠕虫 寄生虫群落 季节动态 西藏 

分 类 号：S941[农业科学—水产养殖]