尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼对亚硝酸盐氮长期胁迫的生理功能响应  

Physiological performance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposure to long term of nitrite nitrogen stress

作　　者：肖炜[1] 陈炳霖 祝璟琳[1] 李大宇[1] 邹芝英[1] 喻杰 杨弘[1,2] XIAO Wei;CHEN Binglin;ZHU Jinglin;LI Dayu;ZOU Zhiyin;YU Jie;YANG Hong(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部淡水鱼类遗传育种和养殖生物学重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081 [2]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2020年第11期1305-1315,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系特色淡水鱼专项(CARS-49);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2019JBFZ07);中国水产科学研究院罗非鱼和鲤鱼遗传育种创新团队专项(2020TD37)。

摘　　要：为了解亚硝酸盐氮长期胁迫下尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生理功能变化,实验设置不同浓度亚硝酸盐氮(空白对照、0.03 mmol/L、0.06 mmol/L、0.12 mmol/L、0.23 mmol/L),研究亚硝酸盐氮21 d胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼血液和肝脏组织的生理生化、代谢功能和非特异性免疫的影响。结果表明,随着亚硝酸盐氮的浓度的提高,尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼血液中白细胞数呈现略微上升的趋势,而红细胞数和血红蛋白浓度均呈现显著下降的趋势(P<0.05);幼鱼血清中,葡萄糖、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和K+随着亚硝酸盐氮的增加浓度显著提高(P<0.05),与此同时甘油三酯、总胆固醇、总蛋白、Na+和Cl–浓度、超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶和免疫球蛋白浓度以及亚硝酸盐氮浓度表现出负相关的下降趋势(P<0.05);肝脏组织中非特异性免疫因子HSP70、IL-1β、IL6和TNF-α随着亚硝酸盐氮的浓度增加表达量显著上升(P<0.05),而LYS因子表达量则与之相反。研究表明,0.06~0.23mmol/L亚硝酸盐氮长期胁迫下可导致罗非鱼幼鱼血液生理、代谢和免疫产生功能障碍,并影响肝组织的非特异性免疫基因表达。本研究结果有助于进一步了解亚硝酸根离子在罗非鱼体内的毒性机制,为建立罗非鱼养殖水质亚硝酸盐氮因子的安全阈值提供参考。To study the physiological performance of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) under long term nitrite exposure stress, five different treatments of nitrite concentration groups(control, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, and 0.23 mmol/L) were set to assess the effects of the physiological, biochemical, metabolic function, and non-specific immune response in blood and liver tissue of juvenile tilapia under 21 days of nitrite exposure treatments. The results showed that the white blood cell count in the blood increased slightly with the increasing nitrite nitrogen concentrations, whereas the red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly(P<0.05). Serum glucose concentration, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities, and K+ concentration in juvenile tilapia increased significantly with increasing nitrite nitrogen concentrations(P<0.05), whereas triglycerides, total cholesterol, total protein, Na^+, and Cl~– concentration, and superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme activities, and immunoglobulin concentrations showed an inverse trend with increased nitrite nitrogen(P<0.05). The hepatic expression of non-specific immune factors HSP70, Il-1β, IL6, and TNFα mRNA levels was significantly improved by increased nitrite nitrogen concentrations(P<0.05), whereas LYS mRNA expression decreased. The results suggested that long-term exposure of low nitrite nitrogen concentrations(0.06–0.23 mmol/L) could lead to dysfunction of blood physiology, metabolism, and immune response in tilapia, and furthermore the hepatic non-specific immune gene expression could be affected. Data from this study will be useful to further understand nitrite ion toxicity mechanisms in the tilapia, and thereby help to establish a safe range of nitrite nitrogen in tilapia aquaculture.

关 键 词：尼罗罗非鱼 亚硝酸盐氮 生理生化 代谢功能 非特异免疫 

分 类 号：S964[农业科学—水产养殖]