“不由得”与“由不得”辨析  

The Difference between“Buyoude”and“Youbude”

作　　者：朱磊 ZHU Lei(International College of Chinese Studies,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学对外汉语学院,上海200234

出　　处：《汉语学习》2020年第6期106-112,共7页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：北京语言大学校级科研项目“来华留学生预科教育统一考试词汇大纲研究”(中央高校基本科研业务专项资金,项目编号:17WT06);上海师范大学研究生培育项目(项目编号:209-AC9103-20-368005004)。

摘　　要：本文从句法结构、语义性质和语用表达三个方面考察了“不由得”与“由不得”在动词和副词之间的差异和共性,认为二者动词词性的差别体现在韵律模式、搭配成分、适用句类和情态四个方面,副词词性的差别体现在组合关系、主观量级和表达环境三个方面。从使用频率看,二者基本实现了功能和意义的互补,但在语气和口气的表达方面仍有差异。This study investigates the differences between“buyoude”and“youbude”in terms of syntactic structures,semantic features and pragmatic expressions regarding differing parts of speech(verb and adverb).Our results reveal that the distinction on verb usage is manifested in prosodic patterns,collocation,mode and modality while the distinction on adverb usage is represented in combination relationship,subjective quantity and pragmatic environment.Comparing usage frequencies in different genres,we conclude that two words reciprocate on functions and semantics while there are still differences in the pragmatic aspect.

关 键 词：“不由得” “由不得” 句法结构 语义性质 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]