有效防治蛴螬的昆虫病原线虫鉴定及其生物学特性  

Identification and biological characteristics of entomopathogenic nematodes with effective control against white grubs

作　　者：李而涛 李克斌[1] 张帅[1] 曹雅忠[1] 陆俊姣[2] 尹姣[1] LI Ertao;LI Kebin;ZHANG Shuai;CAO Yazhong;LU Junjiao;YIN Jiao(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,太原030031

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2020年第5期1108-1121,共14页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0130400,2018YFD0201000);国家自然科学基金(31572007)。

摘　　要：为筛选出对华北地区蛴螬具有较强致病力的昆虫病原线虫,从河北省采集的30份土样中分离线虫,通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行鉴定,分析其生物学特性,并测定线虫对该地区3种蛴螬的致病力。结果表明,经鉴定所分离的昆虫病原线虫为樱桃异小杆线虫Heterorhabditis beicherriana的1个品系,将其命名为LF品系;该线虫具有较强的耐高温能力,38℃水浴12 h后存活率达28.4%;具有较好的耐干燥能力,相对湿度50.5%处理9 h后存活率可达80.0%,在此条件下仍然具有较强的侵染能力,可使大蜡螟Galleria mellonella在72 h内全部死亡;具有较强的水平运动能力,30℃处理24 h后有42.2%的个体迁移到3.6 cm外培养皿圆孔处。该线虫对蛴螬具有较强的致病力,室内试验中,在200 IJs/头剂量下对华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita、暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela和铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta幼虫处理7 d后,3种幼虫1龄末期幼虫死亡率均可达70.0%以上;室外盆栽试验中,5 000 IJs/盆剂量下处理7 d后,3种幼虫2龄中期幼虫死亡率均达到了80.0%以上。表明樱桃异小杆线虫LF品系对华北地区蛴螬类地下害虫生防潜能巨大。In order to screen entomopathogenic nematodes with high pathogenicity against white grubs in northern China, the nematodes from 30 soil samples were collected from Hebei Province. The nematodes were identified using morphological and molecular methods, and the pathogenicity of the newly isolated nematodes against three dominant white grub species was studied. The results showed that the isolated nematode was a strain of Heterorhabditis beicherriana and named LF strain. High temperature tolerance of H. beicherriana LF strain was observed with 28.4% survival rate at 38℃ for 12 h;it was tolerant to desiccation. The survival rate could reach greater than 80.0% after 9 h of desiccation at50.5% relative humidity. Under this condition, the nematodes still had strong infectivity, which could kill 100% Galleria mellonella within 72 h after recovery from the desiccation. In addition, it had strong horizontal movement ability: 42.2% nematodes migrated to the round hole of a Petri dish 3.6 cm away after treated at 30℃ for 24 h;meanwhile, H. beicherriana LF strain had strong pathogenicity to white grubs: the mortality rate of Holotrichia oblita, H. parallela and Anomala corpulenta larvae(at the end of the first instars) could reach more than 70.0% after treated for seven days at the concentration of200 IJs/head in the laboratory experiment, and the mortality rate of white grubs(at the middle of the second instars) in the outdoor pot experiment reached more than 80.0% after treated for seven days at the concentration of 5 000 IJs/pot. The results indicated that H. beicherriana LF strain had great biocontrol potential against white grubs especially in northern China.

关 键 词：蛴螬 昆虫病原线虫 鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S476.15[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]