中国学士学位结构40年演进逻辑  

The Evolution Logic of the Structure of Bachelor′s Degree in China in 40 Years

作　　者：张湘韵 陆娇 ZHANG Xiangyun;LU Jiao

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学教育学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2020年第6期60-74,I0005,共16页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

摘　　要：国家学位条例颁布至今近40年,中国学士学位结构受系列因素影响,对内呈现出纵向延伸、横向发展趋势,对外则日趋与国际接轨且国际化格局日益凸显。学士学位结构作为本科教育人才培养结构最直观的反映,其演进紧跟本科人才培养改革的时间、步伐而调整变动,反映了本科人才培养变革的运行轨迹,并由此形成演变的路径依赖惯性。学士学位结构演变以“培养什么人”为逻辑起点,基于高等教育不同发展时期所倡导的“精英”、“大众”人才培养取向,分别构建了以学术、多元为标识的学士学位架构;以“人才培养结构的动态调整”为逻辑主线,形成了由多种形式学历教育和多种学位形式组成的多元学士学位类型结构、与市场经济产业结构日益契合的学位点学科专业结构、与区域经济发展相协调的学位点授予布局结构以及不同类型学士学位教育授予比例平衡发展的学位数量结构;以“人才培养质量要求”为逻辑归宿,通过开展学位点授权合格评估、构建三级学士学位管理体制,从学士学位授予过程来确保人才培养质量的同时,也推进了学士学位结构自身的调整优化。In the nearly 40 years since the enactment of the degree regulations,influenced by a series of factors,the structure of bachelor′s degree in China presents a trend of vertical extension and horizontal development internally,while it is increasingly in line with the international standards and international pattern externally.As the most intuitive reflection of the structure of undergraduate talent cultivation,the evolution of bachelor′s degree structure closely follows the adjustments and changes of the time and pace of undergraduate talent cultivation reform,which essentially reflects the running track of undergraduate talent cultivation reform and thus forms the path dependence inertia of the evolution.Taking“who to train”as the logical starting point,the evolution of the bachelor′s degree structure is based on the talent cultivation orientation of“elite”or“mass”advocated by different development periods of higher education and constructs the bachelor′s degree framework marked by academic and diversified characteristics respectively.Taking“talent cultivation structure dynamic adjustment”as the logical mainline,the structure of bachelor's degree has formed a multi-type structure of bachelor′s degree that is composed of various forms of academic education and various forms of degrees,together with a professional structure of academic discipline that is increasingly in line with the industrial structure of the market economy,a layout structure of awarded academic degree that is coordinated with regional economic development,and a structure of balanced quantity in degree granting of different types of bachelor′s degree education.Taking“talent training quality requirements”as its logical destination,the structure of bachelor′s degree carries out the qualification assessment of academic degree authorization,constructs the three-level bachelor degree management system,ensures the quality of talent cultivation from the process of bachelor degree granting,and also promotes the adjustmen

关 键 词：学士学位结构 人才培养 学科专业结构 人才质量 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]