生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼的诉权冲突与有效衔接  

Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation Litigation and Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation:Litigation Conflict and Convergence

作　　者：潘牧天[1] PAN Mutian(Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院,上海201701

出　　处：《法学论坛》2020年第6期131-139,共9页Legal Forum

摘　　要：生态环境损害赔偿诉讼本质上是特殊的环境民事公益诉讼,原告的诉权主要基于"法定诉权担当说",源自《民事诉讼法》第55条之规定。生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼诉权表象一致,诉讼的发生同基于环境污染损害行为。"两诉"在诉讼程序、起诉条件、诉讼目的上的重合,引发司法审判既判力的牵连,进而产生"两诉"诉讼主体诉权之冲突。有效解决"两诉"诉权冲突及实现二者接驳衔接的建构路径在于:探索建立"阶梯式的诉讼主体适格制"的运作模式,即充分考量生态环境损害后果的不同程度,选择不同的诉权适格主体:达到严重损害程度的由政府提起诉讼;其他较轻的损害则由社会组织提起诉讼,二者均未提起诉讼时则由检察机关代位诉讼。对于达到严重损害后果构成犯罪的侵害行为,应前置设立诉前磋商机制,根据磋商结果,决定提起刑事诉讼,或提起刑事附带民事公益诉讼的方式予以后续接驳衔接。Ecological environment damage compensation litigation is a special environmental civil public interest litigation in essence,the plaintiff’s right of action is mainly based on the theory of"legal right of action"derived from Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law.The right of action of ecological environmental damage compensation litigation and environmental civil public interest litigation are consistent in appearance,and the occurrence of litigation is based on the behavior of environmental pollution damage.The overlapping of"two lawsuits"in litigation procedure,prosecution conditions,litigation purpose and object of action leads to the involvement of res judicata,and then leads to the conflict of litigation rights of the subject of"two lawsuits".The construction path to effectively solving the conflict of"two lawsuits"and realizing the connection of"two lawsuits"lies in exploring the operation mode of"The ladder system of suit subject",which means fully considering the different degrees of ecological environment damage consequences,selecting different suitable subjects of litigation rights,in other words,the government will file a lawsuit if the degree of serious damage is reached;and social organizations will sue for other minor damages,if neither of them has brought a lawsuit,the procuratorial organ will initiate a suit of subrogation.A pre litigation consultation mechanism should be set up in advance for the infringement behavior that has reached the serious damage consequence and constitutes a crime,.According to the consultation results,it is necessary to decide whether to initiate criminal proceedings,or to file criminal incidental civil public interest litigation,so as to make follow-up connection.

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿诉讼 环境民事公益诉讼 诉权冲突 诉讼衔接 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]