新冠肺炎疫情背景下的新就业形态研究——以“共享员工”模式为例  

New Forms of Employment Under the COVID-19 Epidemic--Take Sharing Employee as Example

作　　者：赵文泽 冯珺 ZHAO Wen-ze;FENG Jun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学 [2]北京体育大学体育商学院

出　　处：《产业经济评论》2020年第6期16-31,共16页Review of Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国经济下行阶段就业结构调整与防范失业战略研究”(项目编号:16ZDA026)。

摘　　要：2020年初,突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情造成人力资源的有效需求不足,劳动力市场供求调节的活性下降,企业组织面临较大的流动性成本压力,但市场也在自发商业实践中涌现出对抗疫情影响的新就业形态。作为其中的典型代表,"共享员工"模式通过企业间员工调剂的自发商业实践,实现了人力资源再配置和协调过程。本文从新冠肺炎疫情和劳动力市场发育的角度探讨了"共享员工"模式的产生背景。针对"共享员工"模式的典型案例加以梳理,并在"共享员工"模式与"零工经济"的比较分析中廓清了"共享员工"模式的主要特征。基于新兴古典经济学的理论框架,本文认为创新经济发展的必然性与疫情出现的偶然性共同促成了"共享员工"模式的出现,并使之成为一种较为成功的新就业形态。但该模式目前存在法律法规相对滞后、就业质量偏低、缺乏专业化的平台力量等问题。因此,应尽快弥补法律法规建设短板、构建更加专业化的信息平台、通过培训和人力资源开发提升共享员工的就业质量,使"共享员工"模式更好地发挥人力资源再配置和协调作用。At the beginning of 2020,the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak caused insufficient effective demand for human resources,the activity of labor market supply and demand regulation decreased.Enterprise organizations faced greater pressure of flow cost,while the market emerged in the spontaneous business practice to counter the pressure of the epidemic situation of new employment forms.As a typical representation,the Sharing Employee model realizes the process of human resource reconfiguration and coordination through the spontaneous business practice of employee transfer between enterprises.This paper discusses the background of the Sharing Employee model from the perspective of the regular development of the labor market and the epidemic situation of COVID-19 epidemic.Through combing the typical cases of Sharing Employee model,this paper gives the definition of Sharing Employee model,and clarifies the main characteristics of Sharing Employee model in the comparative analysis of Sharing Employee and Gig Economy.Based on the theoretical framework of New Classical Economics,this paper holds that the inevitability of the development of innovation economy and the contingency of the epidemic jointly contribute to the Sharing Employee model and make it a more successful new employment form.But at present,there are some problems such as the lag of laws and regulations,the low quality of employment and the lack of specialized platform power.Therefore,we should make up for the short of laws and regulations construction as soon as possible,build a more specialized information platform,improve the employment quality of sharing employees through training and human resources development,and make the Sharing Employee model play a better role in human resources reconfiguration and coordination.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 新就业形态 共享员工 创新经济 新兴古典经济学 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]