新发现的传教士会话书《拜客训示》:研究价值及语言性质  

The Newly Discovered Missionary Conversational Book Baike Xunshi 《拜客训示》:Research Value And Language Nature

作　　者：汪维辉[1] 徐多懿 WANG Wei hui;XU Duo-yi

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中文系/汉语史研究中心,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2020年第4期2-15,126,共15页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"汉语词汇通史"(14ZDB093);教育部重点研究基地重大项目:汉语基本词汇历史演变研究"(16JJD740015)。

摘　　要：《拜客训示》是2014年新发现的传教士汉语学习课本,对汉语汉字史研究很有价值。文章从文字、语音、词汇、语法四个方面对此书的研究价值做了举例介绍和初步探讨。作为一份语言资料,确定其语言性质是正确利用它的前提。所谓"语言性质",主要涉及三个问题:时代,地域,语体。文章认为:此书的语言相当贴近日常口语,其中《拜客问答》一篇相对较文;语言时代大致是晚明到清初;全书十篇文章来源不一,方言背景具有多样性和混合性的特点,用作语料需要仔细分析。Baike Xunshi(《拜客训示》) is a newly discovered textbook for missionaries to study Chinese in 2014, which is very valuable to the study of the history of the Chinese language and characters. The article elaborates on the value of the book from four aspects: characters, phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar. A prerequisite to using language effectively is to explore the nature of language, which mainly involves era, region and style. The article believes the language of this book is quite close to the colloquial Chinese, among which Baike Wenda(《拜客问答》) is relatively classical. The language was used from the late Ming dynasty to the early Qing dynasty. The ten articles of the book come from different sources, and the dialect background is characterized by diversity and mixing, which needs to be carefully analyzed when using it as a corpus.

关 键 词：《拜客训示》 研究价值 语言性质 文字、语音、词汇、语法:近代汉语 

分 类 号：H109[语言文字—汉语]