生物浸出电子垃圾中关键金属的研究进展  

Advances in Bioleaching Critical Metals from Electronic Waste

作　　者：谭晓桐 王芷晴 任秀君 韩天放[1] 赵鑫[1,2] TAN Xiaotong;WANG Zhiqing;REN Xiujun;HAN Tianfang;ZHAO Xin(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Science and Technology Innovation Center of Smart Water and Resource Environment,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;School of Resources and Materials,Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao,Qinhuangdao 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]东北大学智慧水利与资源环境科技创新中心,辽宁沈阳110819 [3]东北大学秦皇岛分校资源与材料学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《金属矿山》2020年第11期71-78,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2019YFC1907200);辽宁省重点研发计划项目(编号:2019020104-JH2/103);中央直属高校基本科研业务费项目(编号:N182508026,N2025011)。

摘　　要：电子产品更新速度的加快,也带来了电子垃圾不断增加的问题。由于其成分复杂,且含有大量可回收的关键金属,其资源化处置备受关注。生物浸出技术因具有工艺简单、能耗低、环境友好等优点而在电子垃圾的关键金属回收中使用。通过对近年来国内外电子垃圾生物浸出领域的研究进行总结,归纳了电子垃圾资源化功能微生物的种类和作用机理,特别对利用嗜酸菌、真菌和产氰微生物浸出关键金属的最新进展进行综述。同时,重点介绍了电子垃圾预处理、微生物培养和生物浸出方法改良对金属浸出效率的提升。最后,对未来生物浸出研究和浸出液中关键金属的回收存在的技术突破提出展望。With the rapid renewing of electronic products,the output of e-waste is increasing quickly.The recycling of e-waste is of major interest as its complicated components and a variety of recyclable critical metals.Bioleaching technology is commonly used in the recycling of critical metal in e-waste for its advantages of simple process,low energy consumption and environmental friendly.Through reviewing the researches in the field of e-waste bioleaching in recent years,the types and mechanism of functional microorganisms that realize the recycling of e-waste are summarized,especially the latest progress of leaching critical metals by acidophilic bacteria,fungus and cyanogenic microorganisms.Meanwhile,the improvement of metal leaching efficiency through pretreatment of e-waste,microbial culture and optimization of bioleaching methods is highlighted.At last,the prospects for the technological breakthrough in future bioleaching research and the recovery of critical metal in leaching solution are proposed.

关 键 词：生物浸出 电子垃圾 功能微生物 关键金属 工艺优化 

分 类 号：TD925.5[矿业工程—选矿]