足踝功能的生物力学测评:构建足静态和动态评价指标  

Biomechanical evaluation of foot and ankle function: constructing static and dynamic indexes of thefoot

作　　者：白啸天 霍洪峰[1,2] Bai Xiaotian;Huo Hongfeng(School of Physical Education,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei Province,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Human Motion Information Evaluation,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学体育学院,河北省石家庄市050024 [2]河北省人体运动信息测评重点实验室,河北省石家庄市050024

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2021年第17期2747-2754,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(16275709),项目负责人:霍洪峰;河北师范大学科研基金重点项目(S2017Z06),项目负责人:霍洪峰;河北省教育科学研究“十三五”规范课题(1703154),项目负责人:霍洪峰。

摘　　要：背景:足结构的异常影响着足部的缓冲、动力及储能作用,研究表明足结构和足功能的生物力学评价方法对区分无症状的异常足型具有一定参考价值。目的:探究足结构及足功能的生物力学指标并对其进行分类梳理。方法:以"足结构,足功能""足底压力,压力中心轨迹""足弓,足横弓""步态""Foot function""Center of pressure""Flatfoot""Arch index"等关键词,在中国知网、百度学术、百链学术、PudMed、SpringeLink、Nature等数据库检索1993年1月至2020年5月有关文献,结合足的力学特性,从静态和动态两个方面,构建足结构的测试方法,探究足功能的生物力学评价手段。结果与结论:在静态形态学方面,用踝翻转指数和踝关节刚度评价了踝关节的结构和功能;用后跟小腿角和内侧纵弓角评价了后跟的结构和功能;以弓高指数和弓高适应性评价足弓的功能;用脚趾适应性评价拇指在外力矩下的功能;结合足姿指数的评分体系,系统地评价了足静态功能。在动态运动学方面,以行进间的足弓指数、压力中心曲线的特征及足翻转指数完成了动态足功能评价。BACKGROUND:The abnormal foot structure affects the cushioning,power and energy storage of the foot.Studies have shown that the biomechanical evaluation methods of foot structure and foot function have certain reference value for distinguishing asymptomatic abnormal foot types.OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomechanical indexes of the foot structure and function and to classify them.METHODS: A search of CNKI, Baidu Scholar, Baichain Scholar, PudMed, SpringeLink, and Nature was performed using the search terms of “foot structure,foot function,” “plantar pressure, pressure center trajectory,” “foot arch, transverse arch,” “gait,” in Chinese as well as “foot function,” “center of pressure,”“flatfoot,” “arch index” in English for relevant documents published from January 1993 to May 2020. We explored the testing methods for foot structure andthe biomechanical evaluation methods for foot function from static and dynamic aspects in combination with the mechanical characteristics of the foot.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For the static evaluation of foot function, the turnover index and stiffness of the ankle joint are used to evaluate the structure andfunction of the ankle joint;the angle between the heelpiece and the crus and the medial longitudinal arch angle are used to evaluate the heel structure andfunction;the arch height index and arch height adaptability are used to evaluate the function of the foot arch;toe adaptability is used to evaluate the functionof the thumb under external torque;the static function of the foot is systematically evaluated in combination with the scoring system of the foot posture index.In terms of dynamic kinematics, the dynamic foot function is evaluated based on arch index, pressure center trajectory and foot turnover index.

关 键 词：足 足踝 足弓 足功能 足底压力 压力中心轨迹 生物力学 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R496[医药卫生—临床医学]