试析“V+个+VP”结构的句法属性及生成机制——兼议汉语的“隐性述补结构”  

An analysis on the syntactic characteristics and derivation of the“V+ge+VP”construction:A covertly marked verb-complement construction in Chinese

作　　者：孙天琦[1] SUN Tianqi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2020年第6期662-674,766,共14页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：中国人民大学“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”资助,项目批准号KYGJC2020010。

摘　　要：汉语中“打(了)个落花流水”类“V+个+VP”结构的句法属性以及其中“个”的性质一直存在不小争议。机械地将“V+个+VP”归入“述宾”或“述补”无法全面解释此类结构的特殊性质。本文说明:“V+个+VP”结构其实是补语标记为零形式的“隐性述补结构”。一方面,其句法底层为述补构造,自然会表现出若干述补结构的典型特征;另一方面,此类述补结构由于满足了“极性量化”条件,其补语标记可以隐而不现,故在表层形式上又表现出部分“述宾”特性。本文提供的方案可以统一解决“V+个+VP”结构的若干难题。从述补结构的底层可以推导出此类结构的各种实现模式,包括带“得”、不带“得”的诸多变体,也包括“了”的隐现等问题。In studies of Chinese linguistics,there have been heated debates on the syntactic characteristics of“V+ge+VP”construction and the syntactic category of ge个.Since the categorization of“V+ge+VP”construction into a verb-complement or a verb-object construction cannot explain its special properties thoroughly,this paper suggests that,such construction should be a verb-complement construction with zero-form complement marker.With the verb-complement construction as its deep structure,the“V+ge+VP”construction possesses some typical properties of a verb-complement construction.Once the condition of“polarity quantifying”is met,there can be no overt complement marker in the phrase,thus presenting features of verb-object constructions in the surface structure.This may resolve many problems related to the“V+ge+VP”construction such as the occurrence or omission of de得and le了.

关 键 词：“V+个+VP”结构 隐性述补结构 隐性补语标记 “极性量化”条件 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]