“对国际社会整体的义务”与国际法院的管辖——以“冈比亚诉缅甸违反《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》案”为切入点  

Obligations erga omnes and Its Application in Contentious Proceedings before the International Court of Justice

作　　者：廖雪霞 Liao Xuexia

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2020年第6期26-42,共17页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(2019M660342)的资助。

摘　　要：2019年11月,冈比亚在国际法院起诉缅甸违反《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》,该案是国际法院历史上首次由一国在自身利益未受侵害或特别影响的情况下,通过诉诸“对国际社会整体的义务”概念援引他国国家责任的案件。产生自国际法院司法实践的“对国际社会整体的义务”概念在适用中仍然不乏争议,焦点在于,该概念可否突破国际法院管辖规则的限制,使国家在与争端主题无直接关联的情况下援引他国的国家责任。国际法院目前并未厘清“对国际社会整体的义务”这一概念的适用前提、法律依据与适用范围等问题。该概念在国际法院程序中的适用可能引发国际法上的“滥诉”。In November 2019,The Gambia initiated proceedings against Myanmar before the International Court of Justice(ICJ)and claimed the State responsibility of Myanmar for its violation of the Genocide Convention.This case was the first stance in which a State claims the State responsibility of another on the basis of the concept of obligations erga omnes,without proving the Applicant is an injured State or a State whose interests are specially affected.Since its introduction into the jurisprudence,the concept of obligations erga omnes has raised a considerable amount of controversies,in particular with respect to the potential of States invoking other States responsibilities in the absence of a direct link with the subject-matter of the dispute.Through a comprehensive survey of the relevant judicial decisions,this article argues that the ICJ has not yet clarified the scope or conditions for application of the concept of erga omnes and it highlights the implications of this concept for abuse of procedure.

关 键 词：“对国际社会整体的义务” 国际法院 管辖权 诉权 “冈比亚诉缅甸案” 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]