强行性规定适用制度再认识  

Re-understanding of the Applicable System of Mandatory Provisions

作　　者：沈涓[1] Shen Juan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《国际法研究》2020年第6期86-104,共19页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：强行性规定适用是国际私法重要制度,但研究成果对此项制度多有不准确的认识,以致影响立法和司法。强行性规定无需法律选择规则援引便可直接适用于涉外关系是一种误解,将影响援引强行性规定的单边法律选择规则的完善。单边法律选择规则是强行性规定得以适用于涉外关系的法律依据,不可或缺;国内强行性规定在涉外关系中的适用是普遍主义下的特殊需求,故强行性规定的适用范围不应被不适当地扩大,而应加以限制;应区分外国强行性规定的适用与规避外国强行性规定效力的认定和违反内国公共秩序,故间接适用外国强行性规定不应属于外国强行性规定适用制度的内容,只有直接适用外国强行性规定才是外国强行性规定的适用。The application of mandatory provisions is an important system of private international law,but it is misunderstood a lot in the literatures,which adversely affects legislation and judicial practice.It is a misunderstanding that mandatory provisions can be directly applied to foreign relations without reference to the choice of law rules,which will affect the perfection of unilateral choice of law rules that invoke mandatory provisions.Unilateral choice of law rules is the legal basis on which mandatory provisions could be applied to foreign-related relations,and it is indispensable.The application of domestic mandatory provisions in foreign-related relations is a special requirement under universalism,so the scope of application of mandatory provisions should not be unduly expanded but should be restricted.The application of foreign mandatory provisions should be distinguished from evading the determination of the validity of foreign mandatory provisions and violations of domestic public policy.Therefore,indirect application of foreign mandatory provisions should not belong to the content of the application system of the foreign mandatory provisions,and only direct application of foreign mandatory provisions is the application of foreign mandatory provisions.

关 键 词：强行性规定 适用依据 适用范围 公共秩序保留 法律规避 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]