社会资本、雾霾风险感知与公众应对行为  

Social Capital,Haze Risk Perception and Response Behavior

作　　者：王晓楠[1] WANG Xiao-nan

机构地区：[1]上海开放大学公共管理学院,上海200433

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期75-87,共13页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“超大城市环境治理现代化实践体系创新研究”(19BSH056);国家社会科学基金项目“城市居民环境风险感知对环境行为的影响机制研究”(17BSH138)。

摘　　要：社会资本是否对公众的风险感知和应对行为产生影响,不同维度的社会资本是否可以通过风险感知的"放大"或"缩小"进而影响应对行为?为回答这些问题,针对雾霾问题,基于已有文献提出社会资本的四个核心要素(系统信任、人际信任、社会网络、互惠规范)及雾霾风险感知维度,构建社会资本对雾霾风险感知与应对行为的影响机制假设模型。基于"2017年中国城市化与新移民调查"随机调查数据,运用结构方程模型,验证差异化系统信任、差序化人际信任、社会网络和互惠规范对风险感知和应对行为的影响。研究发现:(1)公众对政府信任程度提升、社会网络规模和互惠规范增强不仅对应对行为产生直接正向作用,而且通过风险感知对应对行为产生间接效应;(2)组织信任程度提升不仅对应对行为产生直接负向作用,而且通过风险感知对应对行为产生间接效应;(3)专家信任完全通过雾霾风险感知对应对行为产生间接负向效应;(4)亲近人信任程度增强对雾霾风险感知产生显著正向效应。由此,应通过完善政府信任机制、信息机制、监督机制和风险沟通机制,构筑风险应对的非正式制度"安全阀",引导公众理性的风险感知和应对行为。Does social capital have an impact on the public’s risk perception and response behavior?Can social capital of different dimensions influence the response behavior through the"amplification"or"reduction"of risk perception?To analyze the haze pollution issue,this paper put forward four core elements of social capital(the system trust,interpersonal trust,social networks,reciprocity specification)and haze risk perception dimension and build social capital’s influence on the haze risk perception and response behavior mechanism model.The research takes the"2017 China urbanization and new immigrants survey"random survey data,uses structural equation model,verify difference effects of system trust,interpersonal trust,social networks and reciprocity norm on risk perception and response behavior.The findings are as follows:(1)enhanced government trust,social network scale and reciprocity norms not only have direct positive effects on response behaviors,but also have indirect effects on response behaviors through risk perception;(2)Increased organizational trust not only has a direct negative effect on response behaviors,but also has an indirect effect on coping behaviors through risk perception;(3)Expert trust has an indirect negative effect on response behaviors through haze risk perception;(4)Enhanced trust degree of close friends has a significant positive effect on haze risk perception.Therefore,through the improvement of government trust mechanism,information mechanism,supervision mechanism and risk communication mechanism,the informal system of risk response should be constructed as a"safety valve",so as to guide the public’s rational risk perception and their risk response behavior.

关 键 词：风险感知 社会资本 系统信任 社会网络 应对行为 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]