美国海洋渔业管理及处罚制度对中国渔业立法的启示  

The enlightenment of American marine fishery management and punishment system to Chinese fishery legislation

作　　者：刘妤[1] LIU Yu(School of Marxism,Shanghai Dianji University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电机学院马克思主义学院,上海200240

出　　处：《渔业信息与战略》2020年第4期298-306,共9页Fishery Information & Strategy

摘　　要：美国确立了以产出控制为主、投入控制为辅的渔业管理制度,并对违反渔业管理的行为施以严格的处罚。美国渔业执法人员有广泛的执法权力,渔业执法程序较为简单,对妨碍渔业执法的行为可进行刑事制裁。美国严厉的处罚制度和执法规则保证了渔业执法的效果,保障了渔业管理制度的实施。对比美国的渔业管理制度,中国的渔业管理和执法制度可以在以下方面进行改进:加强相关渔业管理制度的立法工作,加大对渔业违法行为的处罚力度,扩大执法人员的执法权,完善渔业处罚程序。借修订《中华人民共和国渔业法》之机,借鉴美国渔业管理及处罚制度的实践经验,以期完善中国的渔业管理制度。The United States has established a fishery management system with output control as the main method and input control as the auxiliary,and has imposed strict penalties for violations of fishery management.Fishery law enforcement officials in the United States have extensive law enforcement powers.Fishery law enforcement procedures are relatively simple,and criminal sanctions can be imposed for actions that interfere with fishery law enforcement.The severe punishment system and law enforcement rules in the United States guarantee the effects of fishery law enforcement and the implementation of fishery management system.Compared with the fishery management system of the United States,China’s fishery management and law enforcement system can be improved in the following aspects:strengthening the legislation of relevant fishery management system,increasing the penalties for fishery illegal acts,expanding the law enforcement powers of law enforcement personnel,and improving fishery punishment procedures.Taking the opportunity of revising the Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China and drawing on the practical experience of fishery management and punishment system of the United States,we hope to optimize China’s fishery management system.

关 键 词：美国渔业管理 产出控制 投入控制 行政处罚 刑事处罚 

分 类 号：F310[经济管理—产业经济]