孑遗濒危植物四合木群落组成、物种多样性及土壤养分含量  

Community composition,plant species diversity and soil nutrient content of endangered plant Tetraena mongolica Maxim

作　　者：杜忠毓 贺一鸣 房朋朋 段义忠 鲁客 DU Zhong-yu;HE Yi-ming;FANG Peng-peng;DUAN Yi-zhong;LU Ke(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室,榆林719000 [2]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地/西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,银川750021 [3]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第11期3537-3548,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601059)资助。

摘　　要：四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maxim.)是我国单种属的古地中海孑遗濒危物种,属于我国二级濒危保护植物。四合木作为我国西北干旱、半干旱地区植物群落的主要建群种之一,不仅对于维持我国西北干旱区生态系统结构和功能具有十分重要的作用,同时也是珍稀的植物资源。本研究对西北干旱区四合木自然植物群落进行了实地调查,并分析了四合木植物群落物种组成、物种多样性及其与土壤理化性质的相互关系。结果表明:(1)四合木植物群落结构简单,物种多样性较低。四合木群落植物共有15科42属64种,主要为菊科(Asteraceae)、禾本科(Poaceae)和藜科(Chenopodiaceae),且群落中多为半灌木和多年生草本植物。不同四合木植物群落样点间物种多样性差异显著(P<0.05)。其中,千里沟样点植物群落物种丰富度、Shannon指数和Simpson指数最高(分别为24、2.92和0.93)。Pielou指数变化情况略有不同,千里山样点最大(0.98);(2)不同样点四合木植物群落土壤养分含量差异极显著(P<0.01)。总体而言,海勃湾区和海南区样点的土壤速效养分(速效氮、速效磷和速效钾)含量高,千里山样点的土壤有机质含量最高,千里沟样点的土壤水分含量最多。四合木植物群落物种多样性与土壤速效磷呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。本研究结果为认识四合木植物群落提供了一定的数据支撑,同时也为四合木种质资源的保护提供了科学依据。Tetraena mongolica Maxim.is a relict and endangered monotypic genus species from the ancient Mediterranean flora and a second-degree endangered species in China.It is one of the dominant species in plant community in arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China,and thus plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem structure and function.Based on field investigation of natural T.mongolica community in Northwest China,we analyzed species composition,species diversity,and the correlation between species diversity and soil physicochemical properties.The results showed that:(1)T.mongolica community features simple composition structure and low species diversity.With a total of 64 species,42 genera and 15 families recorded,most species are sub-shrubs and perennial herbs from Asteraceae,Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae.There were significant differences in species diversity among different T.mongolica plant communities(P<0.05).Plant species richness,Shannon index and Simpson index of Qianligou community were the highest(24.00,2.92 and 0.93,respectively).The Pielou index in Qianlishan community was the highest(0.98).(2)There were significant differences in soil nutrient contents among different T.mongolica plant communities(P<0.01).Soil available nutrients(available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium)of Haibowanqu and Hainanqu were higher than that of other communities.Soil organic content in Qianlishan was the highest,whereas soil moisture was the highest in Qianligou.Species diversity of T.mongolica community was significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus(P<0.05).Our results provide scientific support for understanding the T.mongolica plant community and theoretical basis for protecting the germplasm of relic T.mongolica.

关 键 词：四合木 植物群落结构 植物物种多样性 土壤养分 土壤水分 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]