森林土壤有机质研究的现状与挑战  

Research on soil organic matter in forest ecosystems:Status and challenge

作　　者：王清奎[1] 田鹏 孙兆林 赵学超 WANG Qing-kui;TIAN Peng;SUN Zhao-lin;ZHAO Xue-chao(Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology,CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shernyang 110016,China;School of Forestry&LandscapeArchitecture,Anhui Agricultural Uniersiry,Hefei230036,China;University of Chinese Academyof Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室,湖南会同森林生态实验站,沈阳110016 [2]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,合肥230036 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第11期3829-3843,共15页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(31830015);国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFA0600801)资助。

摘　　要：有机质是土壤中最重要的有机组分,维系着土壤肥力、粮食安全、气候变化等关乎人类生存发展的诸多要素。在国内外科研工作者长期不懈的努力下,加之新技术、新方法的应用,土壤有机质循环研究(尤其是土壤有机质的形成和分解)取得了巨大进展,但仍面临诸多难题与挑战,特别是在全球环境变化背景下。本文重点综述了森林土壤微生物残体、凋落物对土壤有机质循环的影响、土壤有机质分解的激发效应和温度敏感性,以及深层土壤有机质和环境变化背景下土壤有机质循环过程等。在现有基础上,研究方法亟需取得实质性突破以能更真实地反映自然界实际环境状况下的土壤有机质循环过程;而作为土壤有机质循环的关键驱动者,土壤微生物具有有机质的形成和分解的双重作用,未来研究需在复杂的土壤环境中将土壤微生物过程与有机质循环过程联系起来,明确微生物是如何参与土壤有机质循环和发挥作用的;在全球环境变化研究中需加强多因子的耦合作用研究;从生态系统的角度深入开展地上与地下生态过程、多元素耦联关系的研究,尤其是多学科、多领域的交叉融合。期望本文能为森林、农田、草地、湿地等生态系统碳循环领域的科技工作者提供帮助。Soil organic matter(SOM),an important organic component in soils,plays a key role in maintaining soil fertility,food security and global change.Globally,soil scientists have made long-term and great efforts to improve our understanding of SOM cycling,particularly its formation and decomposition.There are much difficulty and challenge in the global environmental change context.Here,we reviewed the research advances in soil microbial residues,influence of plant litters on SOM cycling,priming effect and temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition,deep SOM and responses of SOM cycling to environmental change in forest ecosystems.First,in laboratory and field-based long-term experiments,the simulated experiment conditions were different from the natural conditions,which may lead to deviation in the observations or results.Second,soil microbes,as the key driver of SOM cycling,control both SOM formation and decomposition.The microbial process and SOM cycling should be linked in further research,to ascertain the roles of microbes in SOM cycling.Third,multifactorial impacts of global environmental change on SOM should be addressed with an efficient,broadly applicable experimental design due to the coupling effects of multiple factors.Finally,the coupled linkages between above-and below-ground ecological processes from an ecosystem perspective should be strengthened by adopting the theories of multiple disciplines and advanced analytical techniques.Overall,this review would help improve our understanding of SOM cycling in terrestrial ecosystems,especially in forest ecosystems,and also has implications for researchers in grassland,agricultural and wetland ecosystems.

关 键 词：土壤有机质 凋落物 微生物残体 温度敏感性 激发效应 深层土壤 全球环境变化 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]