正当防卫时间限度的实证分析  

An Empirical Analysis of the Time Limit of Justifiable Defense

作　　者：张洪成 ZHANG Hong-cheng

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院法律政治与公共管理学院 [2]西南政法大学法学博士后科研流动站

出　　处：《北方法学》2020年第6期96-103,共8页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“国家亲权理念下未成年人刑事司法的实证研究”(20YJC820019);四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地——四川省犯罪防控研究中心立项资助重点项目“互联网金融犯罪的刑法规制与检察职能的发挥”(FZFK19-04)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：不法侵害已经开始且尚未结束是正当防卫权行使的前提,司法实务中对正当防卫权行使时间判断标准不一,而理论的认定标准又呈众说纷纭之态势。不法侵害的开始与结束时间应当以形式解释为基础,以实质解释进行修正和补充:在形式解释上,已经着手实施构成要件所要求的实行行为,且犯罪未达致既遂状态即为不法侵害正在进行;在实质解释上,与实行行为密切关联、一俟着手实行即可能造成法益损害的行为亦可纳入不法侵害的开始时间,而犯罪虽然已经既遂,但后续行为若仍可评价在前侵害行为的范围内,也可以将其评价为不法侵害正在进行,以合理延长不法侵害的结束时间。Unlawful infringement has begun and has not ended is a prerequisite for the exercise of the right of justifiable defense. Judicial practice has different judgment standards for the time for the exercise of the right,and the standard of theoretical recognition has been in a state of divergent opinions. The starting and ending time of unlawful infringement should be based on formal interpretation,and be revised and supplemented with substantive interpretation: in the formal interpretation,the implementation of the conduct required by the constituent elements has been started,and the crime has not reached the state of completion,that is,the unlawful infringement is in progress;In terms of substantive interpretation,behaviors that are closely related to the conduct and may cause damage to legal interests as soon as they are implemented can also be included at the start time of unlawful infringement. Although the crime has been completed,if the follow-up behavior can still be evaluated within the scope of the previous violation,it can also be evaluated as the unlawful infringement is in progress,so as to reasonably extend the ending time.

关 键 词：正当防卫 防卫不适时 重复侵害行为 状态犯 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]