纳米材料在细胞能量代谢中的作用与应用  

Role and Application of Nanomaterials in Cell Energy Metabolism

作　　者：石炜业 王英泽[1] 付育[1] SHI Wei-Ye;WANG Ying-Ze;FU Yu(Cell Engineering Laboratory,Institute of Bioscience and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学生物科学与工程学院细胞工程研究室,石家庄050018

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2020年第11期1273-1280,共8页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(No.H2019208216);博士科研基金(No.81/1181286)资助。

摘　　要：随着纳米技术的迅速发展,基于纳米材料的研究与应用已经渗透到工农业、生物医药等各个领域。当纳米材料进入细胞时,会不可避免地与细胞器或蛋白质等发生相互作用,从而激发多种生物学效应,例如参与调控细胞的能量代谢。正常细胞主要通过糖的有氧氧化获取能量,而恶性增殖的肿瘤细胞即使在有氧条件下,也倾向于将葡萄糖通过糖酵解过程转化为乳酸。细胞能量代谢紊乱已经成为恶性疾病尤其是肿瘤发生的重要导火索。由于纳米材料自身独特的物理化学性质,它们进入细胞后可能会促进细胞能量代谢模式的转变,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。此外,纳米材料对能量代谢的影响与它们潜在的细胞毒性也有一定相关性。通过能量代谢指标的检测可以评估纳米材料的毒性效应。本文将重点介绍纳米材料的细胞摄取方式、胞内去向及其在细胞能量代谢中的作用与应用,为深入开展纳米材料的肿瘤靶向治疗提供思路。With the rapid development of nanotechnology,the research and application based-on nanomaterials have penetrated into various fields such as industry,agriculture,biomedicine and the like.When nanomaterials enter cells,they will inevitably interact with organelles or proteins to stimulate various biological effects,such as the regulation of energy metabolism in cells.Normal cells gain energy primarily through the aerobic oxidation of sugar,whereas malignantly proliferating tumor cells tend to convert glucose into lactic acid by glycolysis,even under aerobic conditions.Therefore,abnormal cellular energy metabolism and tumor and other diseases are closely related.Due to their unique physicochemical properties,nanomaterials may promote the transformation of cellular energy metabolism mode after entering into cells,thus exert antitumor effect.In addition,the influence of nanomaterials on energy metabolism is also related to their potential cytotoxicity.The toxicological effects of nanomaterials can be evaluated through the detection of energy metabolism indicators.In this review,we will highlight the cellular uptake of nanomaterials,their intracellular distribution,as well as their role and application in cellular energy metabolism,so as to provide ideas for the further development of tumor targeted therapy with nanomaterials.

关 键 词：纳米材料 摄取与分布 细胞能量代谢 抗肿瘤 细胞毒性 

分 类 号：Q2[生物学—细胞生物学]