模拟生活垃圾填埋反应器堆体底部抽气对污染气体排放的控制  

Gas extraction from the bottom of the simulated municipal solid waste landfill reactor for controlling air pollution

作　　者：杜越 KO Jae Hac 黄丹丹 王前 向静雅 徐期勇 DU Yue;KO Jae Hac;HUANG Dandan;WANG Qian;XIANG Jingya;XU Qiyong(School of Environment and Energy,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,China;College of Ocean Sciences,Jeju National University,Jeju Island 63243 Republic of Korea)

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院,深圳518055 [2]济州国立大学海洋科学学院,济州岛63243,韩国

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2020年第11期3182-3191,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1902903)。

摘　　要：在填埋作业期间,生活垃圾填埋场由于缺少覆盖材料和集气系统,导致填埋气排放缺乏有效控制。为探究垃圾堆体抽气操作对填埋气的减排作用,搭建了3个模拟反应器,包括不抽气的对照组(C)、低抽气量组(E1)和高抽气量组(E2)。在为期171 d的实验中,垃圾分3层填埋,使用静态通量箱法,探究了3个反应器中二氧化碳、甲烷及含硫恶臭气体(甲硫醇、二硫化碳、甲硫醚、乙硫醚和二甲二硫醚)排放通量随反应器运行时间和垃圾堆体抽气操作强度的变化情况。结果表明:E2组比C组更早产生甲烷,但其抽气后减排率可达100%;而E1一直未检测到甲烷,可能是因为甲烷化过程并未建立,或是其中甲烷被覆土中的甲烷氧化菌氧化。此外,与自身抽气前相比,E1和E2对5种硫化物具有不同程度的减排效果,但E2的效果更好。上述研究结果可为填埋场的温室气体和含硫恶臭气体减排策略的制定提供参考。During landfill operation, landfill gas(LFG) emissions are not controlled properly before the installing landfill cover system and LFG collection system. This study aims to examine the attenuation efficiency of LFG emissions through extracting LFG from the bottom of simulated municipal solid waste(MSW) landfill reactors. Three reactors were constructed to simulate different operation modes, including a control group(C) without extraction, and two extracted groups with low(E1) and high(E2) gas extraction rate,respectively. Three layers of MSW were gradually placed to reflect the field landfill operation during a period of171 days. The emissions fluxes of methane, carbon dioxide and five sulphur compounds(methyl mercaptan,carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide) were monitored using a static flux chamber method, and their variations with the reactor operation time and gas extraction rate were studied. The results showed that methane produced earlier for E2 than for C, but its gas emission rate could reach 100%through the extraction. However, no methane flux was detected in E1, the possible reason was that methanogenic phase did not established or the methane was oxidized by methanotrophs in cover soil.Additionally, compared with them before gas extraction, E1 and E2 showed different emission reduction effects for all five sulphur compounds, but E2 performed better than for E1. The results could provide reference for establishing mitigation strategies for emissions of greenhouse gases and sulfur-containing odour gases at landfills.

关 键 词：生活垃圾填埋场 抽气 气体排放控制 温室气体 含硫气体 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]