秸秆还田对耕层土壤理化性质及冬小麦-夏玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Return on Tilth Physicochemical Properties and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize System

作　　者：赵邦青 ZHAO Bang-qing(Agricultural and Rural Center of Dacun Town,Huangdao District,Qingdao City,Shandong Province,Qingdao,Shandong 266417)

机构地区：[1]山东省青岛市黄岛区大村镇农业农村中心,山东青岛266417

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第23期198-202,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]探讨不同秸秆还田模式对胶东半岛小麦-玉米周年产量与耕层理化性状的影响,为该区域土壤培肥及小麦-玉米均衡增产提供科学依据。[方法]试验设置4个处理,分别为小麦和玉米秸秆均不还田(CK)、小麦秸秆还田玉米秸秆不还田(W1M0)、小麦秸秆不还田玉米秸秆还田(W0M1)、小麦和玉米秸秆均还田(W1M1)。结果秸秆还田处理尤其是W1M1处理显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳与活性有机碳含量,增幅达14.22%与33.25%;显著提高土壤全氮、速效氮、速效磷与速效钾含量。与CK相比,W1M0处理通过提高穗粒数显著提高夏玉米籽粒产量;W0M1则对冬小麦的增产效应更为显著,其主要原因是单位面积粒数的提高;各秸秆还田处理均提高冬小麦-夏玉米周年产量,以W1M1处理最优,增产幅度达18.51%。[结论]在胶东半岛地区,双季秸秆还田模式能够协同提高耕层土壤质量与冬小麦-夏玉米周年产量。[Objective]This study sought to determine the effects of different straw incorporation patterns on the annual wheat-maize yield and physicochemical properties of tilth.[Method]Four treatments were set up in the experiment:no straw incorporation(CK),summer maize-season straw incorporation(W1M0),winter wheat-season straw incorporation(W0M1)and double-season straw incorporation(W1M1).[Result]Treatments with straw return,especially W1M1 treatment,significantly increased soil organic carbon(SOC)and labile organic carbon(LOC)at 0~20 cm depth,i.e.,by 14.22%and 33.25%,respectively.Meanwhile,straw return treatments significantly increased the concentration of soil total nitrogen,inorganic nitrogen,rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium.Compared with CK,W1M0 promoted maize yield by increasing the kernel number per ear,and W0M1 improved grain yield by increasing grain number per unit area.In comparison to CK,the W1M1 treatment significantly increased annual yield of winter wheat-summer maize by 18.51%.[Conclusion]W1M1 is the most effective measure to improve soil quality and balance wheat-maize production in Jiao Dong Peninsula.

关 键 词：有机碳 土壤养分 周年产量 耕层 秸秆还田模式 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]